Embodiments disclosed herein are related to polycrystalline textured materials exhibiting heterogeneous templated grain growth, methods of forming such materials, and related systems. An example of a method of forming a polycrystalline textured material exhibiting heterogeneous templated grain growth includes providing a plurality of seeds. The method also includes aligning at least some of the plurality of seeds (e.g., single-crystal seeds) so that a selected crystallographic orientation of at least some of the plurality of seeds are substantially aligned with each other. Additionally, the method includes positioning the plurality of seeds in a powder matrix. The method then includes pressing the plurality of seeds and the powdered matrix to form a green body. Further, the method includes sintering the green body at a temperature that is sufficient to grow a plurality of grains from corresponding ones of the plurality of seeds to form the polycrystalline textured material.

Aluminum nitride particles used as a material of an aluminum nitride sintered compact are disclosed. The aluminum nitride particles may have a same crystal orientation. The aluminum nitride particles each have an aspect ratio of 3 or more, a plate-like shape, a planar length of 0.6 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and a thickness length of 0.05 μm or more and 2 μm or less.

An oxide superconductor according to an embodiment includes an oxide superconducting layer includes a single crystal having a continuous perovskite structure containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, barium, and copper, containing praseodymium in a part of the site of the rare earth element in the perovskite structure, and having a molar ratio of praseodymium of 0.00000001 or more and 0.2 or less with respect to the sum of the at least one rare earth element and praseodymium; fluorine in an amount of 2.0×10.sup.15 atoms/cc or more and 5.0×10.sup.19 atoms/cc or less; and carbon in an amount of 1.0×10.sup.17 atoms/cc or more and 5.0×10.sup.20 atoms/cc or less.

Embodiments disclosed herein include potassium sodium niobate (KNN) films and methods of making such films. In an embodiment, a method of forming a potassium sodium niobate (KNN) film comprises preparing a solution comprising water, potassium hexaniobate salts, and sodium hexaniobate salts. In an embodiment, the solution is spin coated onto a substrate to form a film on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate. In an embodiment, the method may further comprise heat treating the film.

In a first step of a method for producing a transparent AlN sintered body, first, a formed body is prepared by forming a mixture obtained by mixing a sintering aid with an AlN raw-material powder containing a plate-like AlN powder whose plate surface is a c-plane and which has an aspect ratio of 3 or more. At this time, the mixture is formed such that the plate surface of the plate-like AlN powder is disposed along a surface of the formed body. In a second step, an oriented AlN sintered body is obtained by subjecting the formed body to hot-press sintering in a non-oxidizing atmosphere while applying a pressure to the surface of the formed body. In a third step, a transparent AlN sintered body is obtained by sintering the oriented AlN sintered body at normal pressure in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to remove a component derived from the sintering aid.

A ceramic lithium indium diselenide or like radiation detector device formed as a pressed material that exhibits scintillation properties substantially identical to a corresponding single crystal growth radiation detector device, exhibiting the intrinsic property of the chemical compound, with an acceptable decrease in light output, but at a markedly lower cost due to the time savings associated with pressing versus single crystal growth.

A dielectric membrane may be exposed to an acid solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid during a wet process after membrane formation. The inventors have newly found that when a dielectric membrane includes Ca having a lower ionization tendency than Ba and Zr having a lower ionization tendency than Ti in a main component of a metal oxide expressed by a general formula (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O.sub.3 and satisfies at least one of degree of orientation of (100) plane>degree of orientation of (110) plane and degree of orientation of (111) plane>degree of orientation of (110) plane in a membrane thickness direction, the dielectric membrane is less likely to be damaged during a wet process, and the resistance to a wet process is improved.

A method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional workpiece, the method including: depositing a sequence of layers of a raw material powder onto a substrate; after depositing a raw material powder layer, irradiating selected areas of the deposited raw material powder layer with an electromagnetic or particle radiation beam in a site selective manner in accordance with an irradiation pattern which corresponds to a geometry of at least part of a layer of the three-dimensional workpiece to be produced, the irradiation pattern including a scan pattern, wherein the substrate has a substantially single-crystalline microstructure; the irradiation is controlled so as to maintain the single-crystalline microstructure and to produce a metallurgical bond between sites of the raw material powder layer that are irradiated and the substrate and/or a previously deposited raw material powder layer, defining the scan pattern, so as to be one of a unidirectional or two directional scan pattern, rotating the scan pattern between two subsequently deposited raw material powder layers by a predetermined angle.

The present invention provides an annealing separator composition, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.

An annealing separator composition for a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of present invention comprising: on the basis of total solid 100 wt %, 5 to 70 wt % of mullite; and the remainder being magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide.

An oxide superconductor according to an embodiment includes an oxide superconducting layer includes a single crystal having a continuous perovskite structure containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium, barium, and copper, containing praseodymium is a part of the site of the rare earth element in the perovskite structure, and having a molar ratio of praseodymium of 0.00000001 or more and 0.2 or less with respect to the sum of the at least one rare earth element and praseodymium; fluorine in an amount of 2.010.sup.15 atoms/cc or more and 5.010.sup.19 atoms/cc or less; and carbon in an amount of 1.010.sup.17 atoms/cc or more and 5.010.sup.20 atoms/cc or less.