The present invention discloses a dielectric ceramic formula enabling one to obtain a multilayer ceramic capacitor by alternatively stacking the ceramic dielectric layers and base metal internal electrodes. The dielectric ceramic composition comprises a primary ingredient:
[(Na.sub.1-xK.sub.x).sub.sA.sub.1-s].sub.m[(Nb.sub.1-yTa.sub.y).sub.uB1.sub.vB2.sub.w)]O.sub.3 wherein: A, B1, B2, x, y, s, u, v, w and m are defined.

Herein discussed is a method of sintering a ceramic comprising (a) providing an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) source; (b) (i) providing a layer of intermixed ceramic particles and absorber particles, wherein the absorber particles have a volume fraction in the intermixed particles in the range of no less than 3%; or (ii) providing a first layer comprising ceramic particles and a second layer comprising absorber particles in contact with at least a portion of the first layer, wherein the second layer is farther from the EMR source than the first layer; (c) heating (i) the layer of intermixed particles or (ii) the first layer using EMR; and (d) controlling the EMR such that at least a portion of the ceramic particles are sintered wherein (i) the layer of intermixed particles becomes impermeable or (ii) the first layer becomes impermeable, wherein the absorber particles have greater EMR absorption than the ceramic particles.

A manufacturing method of a low heat-conducting magnesium-aluminium spinel brick includes: (1) evenly mixing sintered magnesia, fused magnesia, magnesium-aluminium spinel and corundum to prepare flame retardant coating raw material mixed powder, adding naphthalene binder to the flame retardant coating raw material mixed powder to prepare the flame retardant coating raw materials after evenly mixing; (2) evenly mixing forsterite, fayalite and magnesia, adding the naphthalene binder to the mixed powder, moulding, drying, and then burning to obtain aggregate composite hortonolite raw materials; adding the naphthalene binder to the aggregate composite hortonolite having granularity ≤5 mm to prepare the thermal insulating layer raw materials after evenly mixing; (3) spacing and loading the flame retardant coating raw materials and the thermal insulating layer raw materials in a mold, pressing into green bricks, keeping the green bricks at a temperature of 110° C. for 24 hours, drying, and burning into magnesium-aluminium spinel bricks.

Provided is a joined body including a piezoelectric substrate and a polycrystalline spinel substrate provided on one main surface of the piezoelectric substrate, wherein the polycrystalline spinel substrate has a porosity of 0.005% or more and 0.6% or less.

The disclosure relates to microchemical (or microfluidic) apparatus as well as related methods for making the same. The methods generally include partial sintering of sintering powder (e.g., binderless or otherwise free-flowing sintering powder) that encloses a fugitive phase material having a shape corresponding to a desired cavity structure in the formed apparatus. Partial sintering removes the fugitive phase and produces a porous compact, which can then be machined if desired and then further fully sintered to form the final apparatus. The process can produce apparatus with small, controllable cavities shaped as desired for various microchemical or microfluidic unit operations, with a generally smooth interior cavity finish, and with materials (e.g., ceramics) able to withstand harsh environments for such unit operations.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide an additive manufacturing method. The method includes forming a first layer of a first ceramic material and forming a second layer of a second ceramic material. The method further includes contacting the first layer of the first ceramic material, the second layer of the second ceramic material, or both with a saturant. The method further includes heating the first layer of the first ceramic material, the second layer of the second ceramic material, or both to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 300° C. The method further includes applying pressure to the first layer of the first ceramic material, the second layer of the second ceramic material, or both. The pressure can be in a range of from about 10 kPa to about 800 MPa. The method further includes at least partially dissolving a portion of an external surface of a ceramic particle of the first layer of the first ceramic material, the second layer of the second ceramic material, or both. The method further includes fusing a portion of the dissolved portion of the external surface of the ceramic particle to from a product having a density in a range of from about 65% to about 100% relative to a corresponding fully densified product and optionally containing no organic binder.

A composite substrate includes a supporting substrate and a functional substrate that are directly joined together, the supporting substrate being a sintered sialon body.

The disclosure relates to microchemical (or microfluidic) apparatus as well as related methods for making the same. The methods generally include partial sintering of sintering powder (e.g., binderless or otherwise free-flowing sintering powder) that encloses a fugitive phase material having a shape corresponding to a desired cavity structure in the formed apparatus. Partial sintering removes the fugitive phase and produces a porous compact, which can then be machined if desired and then further fully sintered to form the final apparatus. The process can produce apparatus with small, controllable cavities shaped as desired for various microchemical or microfluidic unit operations, with a generally smooth interior cavity finish, and with materials (e.g., ceramics) able to withstand harsh environments for such unit operations.

Herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing comprises depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; heating in situ the object using electromagnetic radiation (EMR); wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the radiation than the first material. In an embodiment, the EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm.sup.2. In an embodiment, the EMR comprises UV light, near ultraviolet light, near infrared light, infrared light, visible light, laser, electron beam. In an embodiment, said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or combinations thereof.

This invention relates to a product and a method of preparing ceramic and/or ceramic hybrid materials through the construction of a printed die. The printed die being made by three dimensional printing or additive manufacturing processes possesses both an external geometry and an internal geometry.