The present disclosure is directed to using MXene compositions as templates for the deposition of oriented perovskite films, and compositions derived from such methods. Certain specific embodiments include methods preparing an oriented perovskite, perovskite-type, or perovskite-like film, the methods comprising: (a) depositing at least one perovskite, perovskite-type, or perovskite-like composition or precursor composition using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or atomic layer deposition (ALD) onto a film or layer of a MXene composition supported on a substrate to form a layered composition or precursor composition; and either (b) (1) heat treating or annealing the layered precursor composition to form a layered perovskite-type structure comprising at least one oriented perovskite, perovskite-type, or perovskite-like composition; or (2) annealing the layered composition; or (3) both (1) and (2).

This invention relates to a product and a method of preparing ceramic and/or ceramic hybrid materials through the construction of a printed die. The printed die being made by three dimensional printing or additive manufacturing processes possesses both an external geometry and an internal geometry.

Herein discussed is a method of making a fuel cell comprising (a) producing an anode using an additive manufacturing machine (AMM); (b) creating an electrolyte using the additive manufacturing machine; and (c) making a cathode using the additive manufacturing machine. In an embodiment, the anode, the electrolyte, and the cathode are assembled into a fuel cell utilizing the additive manufacturing machine. In an embodiment, the fuel cell is formed using only the additive manufacturing machine.

Herein disclosed is a method of treating a component of a fuel cell, which includes the step of exposing the component of the fuel cell to a source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The component comprises a first material. The EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm2. Preferably, the treatment process has one or more of the following effects: heating, drying, curing, sintering, annealing, sealing, alloying, evaporating, restructuring, foaming. In an embodiment, the substrate is a component in a fuel cell. Such component comprises an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, a catalyst, a barrier layer, a interconnect, a reformer, or reformer catalyst. In an embodiment, the substrate is a layer in a fuel cell or a portion of a layer in a fuel cell or a combination of layers in a fuel cell or a combination of partial layers in a fuel cell.

Herein disclosed is a method of making a fuel cell including forming an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte using an additive manufacturing machine. The electrolyte is between the anode and the cathode. Preferably, electrical current flow is perpendicular to the electrolyte in the lateral direction when the fuel cell is in use. Preferably, the method comprises making an interconnect, a barrier layer, and a catalyst layer using the additive manufacturing machine.

A composite has a) a PMC layer, and b) a tile layer comprising a plurality of Ox/Ox CMC tiles each has: i) a central portion, ii) an outer portion disposed surrounding the central portion, the bottom surface of the outer portion is disposed flush with the bottom surface of the central portion, the tile layer forms a smooth continuous top surface and a smooth continuous bottom surface, and the tiles are disposed with respect to one another such that each tile is inverted with respect to an adjoining tile, and iii) one or more overlap joints formed by the overlapping of the outer portions of adjoining tiles, so that hot gases entering the smooth top surface of the tile layer between abutting outer and central periphery segments must travel laterally between the overlapping outer portions of adjoining tiles to reach the top surface of the PMC layer.

A multilayer piezoelectric ceramic is such that: its piezoelectric ceramic layers do not contain lead as a constituent element, and have a perovskite compound expressed by the composition formula Li.sub.xNa.sub.yK.sub.1-x-yNbO.sub.3 (where 0.02<x0.1, 0.02<x+y1), as the primary component; and the internal electrode layers are constituted by a metal containing silver by 80 percent by mass or more, and contain ceramic grains containing the same elements found in the primary component. The multilayer piezoelectric element has a long lifespan, and whose internal electrode layers have a high content percentage of silver.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of low temperature co-fireable dielectric materials which can be used in conjunction with high dielectric materials to form composite structures, in particular for isolators and circulators for radiofrequency components. Embodiments of the low temperature co-fireable dielectric materials can be scheelite or garnet structures, for example, bismuth vanadate. Adhesives and/or glue is not necessary for the formation of the isolators and circulators.

The present disclosure discloses the laminated ceramic chimp component including an element part having a ceramic main body and an internal electrode placed in the ceramic main body; an external electrode part having a first external electrode and a second external electrode, the first and second external electrodes being provided with side electrodes covering both side surfaces of the ceramic main body, respectively, upper electrodes covering portions of both sides of an upper surface of the ceramic main body, respectively, and lower electrodes covering portions of both sides of a lower surface of the ceramic main body, respectively; and a nano thin film layer formed of electric insulation material and applied to a region including the upper electrodes, the method for manufacturing the same and the atomic layer deposition apparatus for the same.

A method of forming a composite material for use as an isolator or circulator in a radiofrequency device comprises providing a low temperature fireable outer material, the low fireable outer material having a garnet or scheelite structure, inserting a high dielectric constant inner material having a dielectric constant above 30 within an aperture in the low temperature fireable outer material, and co-firing the lower temperature fireable outer material and the high dielectric constant inner material together at temperature between 650-900? C. to shrink the low temperature fireable outer material around an outer surface of the high dielectric constant inner material to form an integrated magnetic/dielectric assembly without the use of adhesive or glue.