A process for preparing C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 olefins includes introducing a feed stream having a volumetric ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide from greater than 0.5:1 to less than 5:1 into a reactor, and contacting the feed stream with a bifunctional catalyst. The bifunctional catalyst includes a Cr/Zn oxide methanol synthesis component having a Cr to Zn molar ratio from greater than 1.0:1 to less than 2.15:1, and a SAPO-34 silicoaluminophosphate microporous crystalline material. The reactor operates at a temperature ranging from 350 C. to 450 C., and a pressure ranging from 10 bar (1.0 MPa) to 60 bar (6.0 MPa). The process has a cumulative productivity of C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 olefins greater than 15 kg C.sub.2 to C.sub.3 olefins/kg catalyst.

Disclosed are a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, a preparation method therefor and use thereof in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. Wherein the catalyst comprises: an active component, being at least one selected from VIIIB transition metals; an optional auxiliary metal; and a nitride carrier having a high specific surface area. The catalyst is characterized in that the active metal is supported on the nitride carrier having the high specific surface, such that the active component in the catalyst is highly dispersed. The catalyst has a high hydrothermal stability, an excellent mechanical wear resistance, a high Fischer-Tropsch synthesis activity and an excellent high-temperature stability.

Present invention relates to sp.sup.2 carbon nanogranules with iron incorporated in it from heavy petroleum residue of a refinery and thereby utilizing the materials for improved synthesis of light olefins (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas in a single step Fischer Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins, (FTO). The efficient iron incorporated carbon nanogranules derived from low value heavy petroleum residue are very attractive as catalytic system for direct synthesis of light olefin (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas at CO conversion up to 30%.

Present invention relates to sp.sup.2 carbon nanogranules with iron incorporated in it from heavy petroleum residue of a refinery and thereby utilizing the materials for improved synthesis of light olefins (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas in a single step Fischer Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins, (FTO). The efficient iron incorporated carbon nanogranules derived from low value heavy petroleum residue are very attractive as catalytic system for direct synthesis of light olefin (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas at CO conversion up to 30%.

The present invention relates to a core-shell composite catalyst, wherein the core is a spinel-structure XY.sub.aO.sub.b catalyst, wherein X and Y, being different from each other, are metal elements selected from main group II, transition elements and main group III of the Periodic Table of Elements; a is a number between 1-15, preferably between 1-5; b is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valence of the elements; the shell is a molecular sieve catalyst, preferably selected from one or more of ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-35 and MOR, more preferably selected from ZSM-5 and ZSM-11. When the core-shell composite catalyst is used for preparing p-xylene directly from syngas in one step, the process is simple and easy to operate; the selectivity toward p-xylene in xylene products is high; the conversion of syngas is high; and the service life of the catalyst is long. In addition, the present invention also relates to the preparation method of core-shell composite catalyst, and use thereof as the catalyst in the one-step preparation of p-xylene from syngas.

The invention relates to a catalyst for the methanation of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, said catalyst comprising aluminium oxide, an Ni-active substance and Mn and being characterised in that the molar Ni/Mn ratio in the catalyst is 3.0 to 10.0, preferably 4.0 to 9.0 and especially preferably 5.5 to 6.5. The catalyst is characterised by an increased activity with high selectivity and stability. The invention also relates to a method for producing a catalyst according to the invention, comprising the steps: a) co-precipitation from a solution containing Al, Ni and Mn in dissolved form in order to obtain a precipitate; b) isolation of the precipitate from step a); c) drying the isolated precipitate from step b); and d) calcination of the dried precipitate from step c).

Present invention relates to sp.sup.2 carbon nanogranules with iron incorporated in it from heavy petroleum residue of a refinery and thereby utilizing the materials for improved synthesis of light olefins (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas in a single step Fischer Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins, (FTO). The efficient iron incorporated carbon nanogranules derived from low value heavy petroleum residue are very attractive as catalytic system for direct synthesis of light olefin (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas at CO conversion up to 30%.

Present invention relates to sp.sup.2 carbon nanogranules with iron incorporated in it from heavy petroleum residue of a refinery and thereby utilizing the materials for improved synthesis of light olefins (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas in a single step Fischer Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins, (FTO). The efficient iron incorporated carbon nanogranules derived from low value heavy petroleum residue are very attractive as catalytic system for direct synthesis of light olefin (C.sub.2-C.sub.4) from syngas at CO conversion up to 30%.

Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins is carried out in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor with a composite catalyst A+B. The active ingredient of catalyst A is active metal oxide; and catalyst B is one or more than one of zeolite of CHA and AEI structures or metal modified CHA and/or AEI zeolite. A spacing between geometric centers of the active metal oxide of the catalyst A and the particle of the catalyst B is 5 m-40 mm. A spacing between axes of the particles is preferably 100 m-5 mm, and more preferably 200 m-4 mm. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20 times, and preferably 0.3-5.

A catalyst for synthesizing aromatic hydrocarbons, a preparation method thereof and a method for synthesizing aromatic hydrocarbons by using the catalyst. The catalyst comprises acidic molecular sieve particles and zinc-aluminum composite oxide particles. The catalyst has relatively high selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons, particularly BTX, stable performance, and a long single-pass life.