The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, and more particularly, to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor including a gaseous area having a first gaseous reactant inlet provided at a lower portion thereof, and a reaction area in which a reaction medium reacts with the gaseous reactant above the gaseous area; a second gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor in the gaseous area and a third gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor facing the second gaseous reactant inlet; and a first injection nozzle connected to the second gaseous reactant inlet and a second injection nozzle connected to the third gaseous reactant inlet.

A method of separating linear alpha olefins includes: passing a feed stream comprising linear alpha olefins through a first column; distributing a C8− fraction to a top portion of the first column; distributing a C9+ fraction to a bottom portion of the first column; passing the C8− fraction directly to a top portion of a second column; passing the C9+ fraction directly to a bottom portion of a second column; distributing a C11+ fraction to the bottom portion of the second column; withdrawing a C10 fraction as a side draw from the second column; and passing a liquid stream and a vapor stream from the second column to the first column.

A method of separating linear alpha olefins includes: passing a feed stream comprising linear alpha olefins through a first column; distributing a C8− fraction to a top portion of the first column; distributing a C9+ fraction to a bottom portion of the first column; passing the C8− fraction directly to a top portion of a second column; passing the C9+ fraction directly to a bottom portion of a second column; distributing a C11+ fraction to the bottom portion of the second column; withdrawing a C10 fraction as a side draw from the second column; and passing a liquid stream and a vapor stream from the second column to the first column.

The present disclosure generally relates to process to produce a poly alpha-olefin (PAO), comprising: a) introducing a first alpha-olefin to a first catalyst system comprising non-aromatic hydrocarbon soluble activator and a metallocene compound into a continuous stirred tank reactor or a continuous tubular reactor under first reactor conditions, wherein the first alpha-olefin is preferably introduced to the reactor at a flow rate of about 100 g/hr or more, to form a first reactor effluent comprising PAO (such as at least 60 wt % of PAO dimer and 40 wt % or less of higher oligomers, where the higher oligomers are oligomers that have a degree of polymerization of 3 or more); and b) introducing the first reactor effluent and a second alpha-olefin to a second catalyst composition comprising an acid catalyst, such as BF.sub.3, in a second reactor to form a second reactor effluent comprising PAO trimer.

The present disclosure generally relates to process to produce a poly alpha-olefin (PAO), comprising: a) introducing a first alpha-olefin to a first catalyst system comprising non-aromatic hydrocarbon soluble activator and a metallocene compound into a continuous stirred tank reactor or a continuous tubular reactor under first reactor conditions, wherein the first alpha-olefin is preferably introduced to the reactor at a flow rate of about 100 g/hr or more, to form a first reactor effluent comprising PAO (such as at least 60 wt % of PAO dimer and 40 wt % or less of higher oligomers, where the higher oligomers are oligomers that have a degree of polymerization of 3 or more); and b) introducing the first reactor effluent and a second alpha-olefin to a second catalyst composition comprising an acid catalyst, such as BF.sub.3, in a second reactor to form a second reactor effluent comprising PAO trimer.

The present invention relates to a plant for oligomerizing ethylene to produce oligomerized alpha-olefins, with production of a fouling by-product in the form of a deposit, said plant comprising a reaction section comprising: —a reactor (c) for two-phase gas/liquid or single-phase all-liquid oligomerization proceeding from an optional solvent, an oligomerization catalyst and ethylene, and —cooling means associated with said reactor in the form of at least one cooling circuit external to the reactor and/or in the form of a jacket of the walls of the reactor. Packings are disposed in the reaction section in order to increase the contact surface area per unit volume that is accessible to the deposition of the byproduct.

The present invention relates to a plant for oligomerizing ethylene to produce oligomerized alpha-olefins, with production of a fouling by-product in the form of a deposit, said plant comprising a reaction section comprising: —a reactor (c) for two-phase gas/liquid or single-phase all-liquid oligomerization proceeding from an optional solvent, an oligomerization catalyst and ethylene, and —cooling means associated with said reactor in the form of at least one cooling circuit external to the reactor and/or in the form of a jacket of the walls of the reactor. Packings are disposed in the reaction section in order to increase the contact surface area per unit volume that is accessible to the deposition of the byproduct.

The present invention relates to a plant for oligomerizing ethylene to produce oligomerized alpha-olefins, with production of a fouling by-product in the form of a deposit, said plant comprising a reaction section comprising: —a reactor (c) for two-phase gas/liquid or single-phase all-liquid oligomerization proceeding from an optional solvent, an oligomerization catalyst and ethylene, and —cooling means associated with said reactor in the form of at least one cooling circuit external to the reactor and/or in the form of a jacket of the walls of the reactor. Packings are disposed in the reaction section in order to increase the contact surface area per unit volume that is accessible to the deposition of the byproduct.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

The selective dimerization of isoolefins, such as isobutene or isopentane, or mixtures thereof, may be conducted in a system including a series of fixed bed reactors and a catalytic distillation reactor. The system may provide for conveyance of the fixed bed reactor effluents, without componential separation, to a downstream reactor. It has been found that a high selectivity to the dimer may be achieved even though intermediate separation of the desired product from unreacted components between reactors is not performed. Further, embodiments provide for use of a divided wall column for recovery of a high purity dimer product, reducing unit piece count and plot size.