Disclosed is a process for the preparation of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene comprising contacting 1,1,1-trifluorotrichloroethane with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium to produce a product mixture comprising 1316mxx, recovering said 1316mxx as a mixture of Z- and E-isomers, contacting said 1316mxx with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of copper on carbon, nickel on carbon, copper and nickel on carbon and copper and palladium on carbon, to produce a second product mixture, comprising E- or Z-CFC-1326mxz, and subjecting said second product mixture to a separation step to provide E- or Z-1326mxz. The E- or Z-1326mxz can be dehydrochlorinated in an aqueous basic solution with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to produce hexafluoro-2-butyne, which can then be selectively hydrogenated to produce Z-1, 1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene using using either Lindlar's catalyst, or a palladium catalyst further comprising a lantanide element or silver.

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene comprising contacting 1,1,1-trifluorotrichloroethane with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium to produce a product mixture comprising 1316mxx, recovering said 1316mxx as a mixture of Z- and E-isomers, contacting said 1316mxx with hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of copper on carbon, nickel on carbon, copper and nickel on carbon and copper and palladium on carbon, to produce a second product mixture, comprising E- or Z-CFC-1326mxz, and subjecting said second product mixture to a separation step to provide E- or Z-1326mxz. The E- or Z-1326mxz can be dehydrochlorinated in an aqueous basic solution with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to produce hexafluoro-2-butyne, which can then be selectively hydrogenated to produce Z-1, 1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene using using either Lindlar's catalyst, or a palladium catalyst further comprising a lantanide element or silver.

Chemical processes are disclosed that act to both regenerate and create new catalyst for iron salt catalyzed Kharasch coupling reactions during the process of creating halogenated hydrocarbons. Such processes include loading a reactor with a quantity of Fe(0) metal such as iron wire, supplying CCl.sub.4 to the reactor, supplying a phosphate compound to the reactor, supplying an alkene to the reactor, and supplying a carbonyl of Fe(0) to the reactor.

Chemical processes are disclosed that act to both regenerate and create new catalyst for iron salt catalyzed Kharasch coupling reactions during the process of creating halogenated hydrocarbons. Such processes include loading a reactor with a quantity of Fe(0) metal such as iron wire, supplying CCl.sub.4 to the reactor, supplying a phosphate compound to the reactor, supplying an alkene to the reactor, and supplying a carbonyl of Fe(0) to the reactor.

Disclosed herein are graphene nanoribbons, controllable and reproducible methods of synthesizing graphene nanoribbons, and uses thereof. Transistors containing graphene nanoribbons are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are graphene nanoribbons, controllable and reproducible methods of synthesizing graphene nanoribbons, and uses thereof. Transistors containing graphene nanoribbons are also disclosed.

A chemical vapor deposition method for fluorine-containing carbon materials preparation provided. The claimed method comprises treating of carbons with fluorocarbons or derivatives that passes at a moderate high temperature. The fluorine-containing carbon materials show hydrophobicity, high thermal stability and can be used as catalysts support, lithium battery anodes, and hydrophobic materials or as surface precursor. Surface fluorine characterized by intensive signal in the XPS spectrum, found in a range of 685-687 eV. Obtained fluoro-containing functionalities is stable at a temperature about 1000 C. The authors propose to use Fluocar name for materials synthesized using the claimed method.

A chemical vapor deposition method for fluorine-containing carbon materials preparation provided. The claimed method comprises treating of carbons with fluorocarbons or derivatives that passes at a moderate high temperature. The fluorine-containing carbon materials show hydrophobicity, high thermal stability and can be used as catalysts support, lithium battery anodes, and hydrophobic materials or as surface precursor. Surface fluorine characterized by intensive signal in the XPS spectrum, found in a range of 685-687 eV. Obtained fluoro-containing functionalities is stable at a temperature about 1000 C. The authors propose to use Fluocar name for materials synthesized using the claimed method.

The present invention relates to processes for the manufacture of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-hexafluoro-butane in a microreactor.

The present invention relates to processes for the manufacture of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloro-hexafluoro-butane in a microreactor.