The present invention concerns a composition suitable for working and shaping metals, in particular providing a lubricating effect, including polymers of the following formula: [R—O(—CH(CH.sub.3)—CH.sub.2O—).sub.n(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2O—).sub.p—].sub.1+xP(═O)(OH).sub.2-x in which: R is a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising between 8 and 12 carbon atoms; n is a number, which may or may not be an integer, between 6 and 20; p is a number, which may or may not be an integer, between 4 and 25; and x is a number between 0 and 1, and in particular between 0.1 and 0.9.

The present invention concerns a composition suitable for working and shaping metals, in particular providing a lubricating effect, including polymers of the following formula: [R—O(—CH(CH.sub.3)—CH.sub.2O—).sub.n(CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2O—).sub.p—].sub.1+xP(═O)(OH).sub.2-x in which: R is a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising between 8 and 12 carbon atoms; n is a number, which may or may not be an integer, between 6 and 20; p is a number, which may or may not be an integer, between 4 and 25; and x is a number between 0 and 1, and in particular between 0.1 and 0.9.

The present disclosure provides a composition. In an embodiment, the composition includes 2-heptylundecanol; a member selected from the group consisting of 2-ethyhexanol and 2-propylheptanol; and a mixture of an alcohol (1) and an alcohol (2), alcohol (1) having the Structure (1) wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of an ethyl group and a propyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group, with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 7, and alcohol (2) having the Structure (2) wherein R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group.

The present disclosure provides a composition. In an embodiment, the composition includes 2-heptylundecanol; a member selected from the group consisting of 2-ethyhexanol and 2-propylheptanol; and a mixture of an alcohol (1) and an alcohol (2), alcohol (1) having the Structure (1) wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of an ethyl group and a propyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group, with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 7, and alcohol (2) having the Structure (2) wherein R.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group.

The invention relates to a multi-stage process for preparing 2,6-dialkylphenylacetic acids of the general formula (I) by reacting 2,6-dialkylbromobenzenes with (1) magnesium, (2) a formamide, (3) an acid, (4) hydrogenation of the benzaldehyde obtained, (5) activation of the benzyl alcohol obtained, (6) cyanation of the activated benzyl alcohol and (7) hydrolysis of the nitrile obtained.

The invention relates to a multi-stage process for preparing 2,6-dialkylphenylacetic acids of the general formula (I) by reacting 2,6-dialkylbromobenzenes with (1) magnesium, (2) a formamide, (3) an acid, (4) hydrogenation of the benzaldehyde obtained, (5) activation of the benzyl alcohol obtained, (6) cyanation of the activated benzyl alcohol and (7) hydrolysis of the nitrile obtained.

The invention relates to a multi-stage process for preparing 2,6-dialkylphenylacetic acids of the general formula (I) by reacting 2,6-dialkylbromobenzenes with (1) magnesium, (2) a formamide, (3) an acid, (4) hydrogenation of the benzaldehyde obtained, (5) activation of the benzyl alcohol obtained, (6) cyanation of the activated benzyl alcohol and (7) hydrolysis of the nitrile obtained.

A supported catalyst and preparation method thereof, the catalyst comprising an organic polymer material carrier and Raney alloy particles supported on the organic polymer material carrier, wherein substantially all of the Raney alloy particles are partially embedded in the organic polymer material carrier. The catalyst can be used in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, amination, dehalogenation or desulfuration reactions.

A supported catalyst and preparation method thereof, the catalyst comprising an organic polymer material carrier and Raney alloy particles supported on the organic polymer material carrier, wherein substantially all of the Raney alloy particles are partially embedded in the organic polymer material carrier. The catalyst can be used in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, amination, dehalogenation or desulfuration reactions.

The present invention relates to an improved chromium-free Cu—Al catalyst for the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds, characterized in that the catalyst contains zirconium in a proportion of 0.5 to 30.0 wt. %. The invention also relates to the production of the catalyst and to the use of same in the hydrogenation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds.