A process of forming an ethynylation catalyst includes providing a slurry including water, a copper-containing material, a bismuth-containing material, a structural material, and a binder; spray-drying the slurry to form particles; and calcining the particles to form the ethynylation catalyst.

A compound represented by the formula I ##STR00001##
wherein
is indicating a double bond either at C4 or at C5, or single bonds,
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 are independently selected from H or Me, and
R.sub.5, R.sub.6 are independently selected from Me or Et,
and wherein the compound is not 9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal or 9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldecanal. Said compounds are useful as perfume ingredients in personal care and household care products.

A compound represented by the formula I ##STR00001##
wherein
is indicating a double bond either at C4 or at C5, or single bonds,
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 are independently selected from H or Me, and
R.sub.5, R.sub.6 are independently selected from Me or Et,
and wherein the compound is not 9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldec-4-enal or 9-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyldecanal. Said compounds are useful as perfume ingredients in personal care and household care products.

A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

A process for preparing a catalyst includes impregnating a metal oxide carrier with an aqueous solution to form an impregnated carrier; drying the impregnated carrier to form a dried, impregnated carrier; and heat-treating the dried, impregnated carrier in air to form the catalyst; wherein: the aqueous solution includes a copper salt; and from about 3 wt % to about 15 wt % of a C.sub.3-C.sub.6 multifunctional carboxylic acid; and the catalyst includes from about 5 wt % to about 50 wt % copper oxide.

An integrated process for the production of one or more acetylene derivatives is provided. The integrated process includes a) partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a partial oxidation mixture comprising H.sub.2, CO, and acetylene, b) providing the H.sub.2 and CO of the partial oxidation mixture to a collocated methanol production process to produce a methanol-containing effluent; c) providing the methanol-containing effluent to a collocated carbonylation process to produce an acetic acid-containing effluent; and d) providing the acetylene of the partial oxidation mixture and the acetic acid-containing effluent to one or more of the collocated acetylene-derivative processes following: i) a vinyl acetate monomer production process; ii) an oxidation unit for the production of formaldehyde from the methanol-containing effluent; iii) a vinyl chloride monomer production process, and/or iv) a 1,4-butanediol production process.

An integrated process for the production of one or more acetylene derivatives is provided. The integrated process includes a) partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a partial oxidation mixture comprising H.sub.2, CO, and acetylene, b) providing the H.sub.2 and CO of the partial oxidation mixture to a collocated methanol production process to produce a methanol-containing effluent; c) providing the methanol-containing effluent to a collocated carbonylation process to produce an acetic acid-containing effluent; and d) providing the acetylene of the partial oxidation mixture and the acetic acid-containing effluent to one or more of the collocated acetylene-derivative processes following: i) a vinyl acetate monomer production process; ii) an oxidation unit for the production of formaldehyde from the methanol-containing effluent; iii) a vinyl chloride monomer production process, and/or iv) a 1,4-butanediol production process.

An integrated process for the production of one or more acetylene derivatives is provided. The integrated process includes a) partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a partial oxidation mixture comprising H.sub.2, CO, and acetylene, b) providing the H.sub.2 and CO of the partial oxidation mixture to a collocated methanol production process to produce a methanol-containing effluent; c) providing the methanol-containing effluent to a collocated carbonylation process to produce an acetic acid-containing effluent; and d) providing the acetylene of the partial oxidation mixture and the acetic acid-containing effluent to one or more of the collocated acetylene-derivative processes following: i) a vinyl acetate monomer production process; ii) an oxidation unit for the production of formaldehyde from the methanol-containing effluent; iii) a vinyl chloride monomer production process, and/or iv) a 1,4-butanediol production process.

An integrated process for the production of one or more acetylene derivatives is provided. The integrated process includes a) partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a partial oxidation mixture comprising H.sub.2, CO, and acetylene, b) providing the H.sub.2 and CO of the partial oxidation mixture to a collocated methanol production process to produce a methanol-containing effluent; c) providing the methanol-containing effluent to a collocated carbonylation process to produce an acetic acid-containing effluent; and d) providing the acetylene of the partial oxidation mixture and the acetic acid-containing effluent to one or more of the collocated acetylene-derivative processes following: i) a vinyl acetate monomer production process; ii) an oxidation unit for the production of formaldehyde from the methanol-containing effluent; iii) a vinyl chloride monomer production process, and/or iv) a 1,4-butanediol production process.

Dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, and diesters, such as adipates, may be produced by hydrogenating alkynes that may be produced from raw materials salvaged from waste stream processes. The carbons of the dicarboxylic acids are provided by alkynes generated from biomass waste and carbon dioxide recovered from waste streams such as exhaust gases.