A process for obtaining a mixture of C4-C8 and C9-C18 alkyl monoether of saccharide, comprising: a) a first step of acetalization or trans-acetalization of a saccharide or of a mixture of saccharides with a C4-C8 aliphatic aldehyde or the acetal thereof, b) a second consecutive or simultaneous step of acetalization or trans-acetalization of the product obtained in a) of the saccharide or mixture of saccharides with a C9-C18 aliphatic aldehyde or the acetal thereof, c) a step of catalytic hydrogenolysis of the saccharide acetals obtained, and d) a step of recovery of a mixture of C4-C8 and C9-C18 alkyl saccharide monoethers. The invention further relates to a mixture of C4-C8 and C9-C18 alkyl saccharide monoethers and the use thereof as a surfactant.

A process for obtaining a mixture of C4-C8 and C9-C18 alkyl monoether of saccharide, comprising: a) a first step of acetalization or trans-acetalization of a saccharide or of a mixture of saccharides with a C4-C8 aliphatic aldehyde or the acetal thereof, b) a second consecutive or simultaneous step of acetalization or trans-acetalization of the product obtained in a) of the saccharide or mixture of saccharides with a C9-C18 aliphatic aldehyde or the acetal thereof, c) a step of catalytic hydrogenolysis of the saccharide acetals obtained, and d) a step of recovery of a mixture of C4-C8 and C9-C18 alkyl saccharide monoethers. The invention further relates to a mixture of C4-C8 and C9-C18 alkyl saccharide monoethers and the use thereof as a surfactant.

A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, and a ligand bonded to a surface of the quantum dot, wherein the ligand includes a head portion bonded to the surface of the quantum dot and containing a polar solvent dissociative functional group, and a tail portion connected to the head portion. A quantum dot composition according to an embodiment is used to form an emission layer of a light emitting element to enhance luminous efficiency of the light emitting element including an emission layer formed through the quantum dot composition.

A quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot, and a ligand bonded to a surface of the quantum dot, wherein the ligand includes a head portion bonded to the surface of the quantum dot and containing a polar solvent dissociative functional group, and a tail portion connected to the head portion. A quantum dot composition according to an embodiment is used to form an emission layer of a light emitting element to enhance luminous efficiency of the light emitting element including an emission layer formed through the quantum dot composition.

Implementations of a method of forming a wax ether composition may include: providing a batch of lipids, drying the batch of lipids, and cooling the batch of lipids. The method may also include dosing, with a catalyst, the batch of lipids at 0.1% to 0.3% by weight of the batch of lipids and dissolving the catalyst in the batch of lipids to form a homogenous solution. The method may include adding at least a molar equivalent of a hydrogen donor to the homogenous solution. The method may include sealing and maintaining the homogenous solution and hydrogen donor under atmospheric pressure under reflux until a chemical reaction between the homogenous solution and the hydrogen donor forms a product comprising an ether.

Implementations of a method of forming a wax ether composition may include: providing a batch of lipids, drying the batch of lipids, and cooling the batch of lipids. The method may also include dosing, with a catalyst, the batch of lipids at 0.1% to 0.3% by weight of the batch of lipids and dissolving the catalyst in the batch of lipids to form a homogenous solution. The method may include adding at least a molar equivalent of a hydrogen donor to the homogenous solution. The method may include sealing and maintaining the homogenous solution and hydrogen donor under atmospheric pressure under reflux until a chemical reaction between the homogenous solution and the hydrogen donor forms a product comprising an ether.

A composition of monoanhydro-hexitol monoalkyl ether isomers bearing an alkyl ether radical (OR) at C-3, C-5 or C-6 of the monoanhydro-hexitol, in which the alkyl group (R) is a linear or branched, cyclic or noncyclic hydrocarbon-based group comprising between 4 to 18 carbon atoms, the process for obtaining such a composition and the use thereof as a nonionic surfactant, emulsifier, lubricant, antimicrobial agent or dispersant.

A composition of monoanhydro-hexitol monoalkyl ether isomers bearing an alkyl ether radical (OR) at C-3, C-5 or C-6 of the monoanhydro-hexitol, in which the alkyl group (R) is a linear or branched, cyclic or noncyclic hydrocarbon-based group comprising between 4 to 18 carbon atoms, the process for obtaining such a composition and the use thereof as a nonionic surfactant, emulsifier, lubricant, antimicrobial agent or dispersant.

The present invention concerns a method for producing for producing and purifying 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234yf) from a first composition comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene and chloromethane (40), said method comprising the steps of: (a) bringing said first composition into contact with at least one organic extractant in order to form a second composition; (b) extractive distillation of said second composition in order to form (i) a third composition comprising said organic extractant and chloromethane (40); and (ii) a stream comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234yf); (c) recovering and separating said third composition, preferably by distillation, in order to form a stream comprising said organic extractant and a stream comprising chloromethane (40).

A surfactant of structure (I) is useful as a biodegradable low foaming surfactant: where m is a value in a range of 3 to 10, n is a value in a range of 5 to 20 and z is a value in a range of 10 to 25. ##STR00001##