A halogenated -fluoroether of the formula (2) (where HaloR represents haloalkyl; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl; and R.sup.2 represents alkyl or substituted alkyl) is produced efficiently on an industrial scale by reacting a halogenated aldehyde of the formula (1) (where HaloR represents haloalkyl) or an equivalent thereof with hydrogen fluoride. ##STR00001##

A halogenated -fluoroether of the formula (2) (where HaloR represents haloalkyl; R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl; and R.sup.2 represents alkyl or substituted alkyl) is produced efficiently on an industrial scale by reacting a halogenated aldehyde of the formula (1) (where HaloR represents haloalkyl) or an equivalent thereof with hydrogen fluoride. ##STR00001##

The present invention concerns a process and intermediates for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride. The invention further concerns a process for the manufacture of an agrochemically or pharmaceutically active compound, which comprises the process and intermediate for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride or its intermediate.

The present invention concerns a process and intermediates for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride. The invention further concerns a process for the manufacture of an agrochemically or pharmaceutically active compound, which comprises the process and intermediate for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride for the manufacture of difluoro acetyl chloride or its intermediate.

Disclosed are quantum dots and quantum dot articles stabilized by a stabilizing agent of the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein each R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group including alkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl;
R.sup.2 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from alkylene, arylene, alkarylene and aralkylene;
Z is P, As or Sb;
Q is CH.sub.2S, CH.sub.2O, CO.sub.2, CH2OCO, CONR.sup.3, NHCONR.sup.3, and NR.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
subscript x is 1,
R.sup.6 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from alkylene, arylene, alkarylene and aralkylene,
subscript y is 0 or 1,
R.sub.f is a perfluoroether group.

Disclosed are quantum dots and quantum dot articles stabilized by a stabilizing agent of the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein each R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group including alkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl;
R.sup.2 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from alkylene, arylene, alkarylene and aralkylene;
Z is P, As or Sb;
Q is CH.sub.2S, CH.sub.2O, CO.sub.2, CH2OCO, CONR.sup.3, NHCONR.sup.3, and NR.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl,
subscript x is 1,
R.sup.6 is a divalent hydrocarbyl group selected from alkylene, arylene, alkarylene and aralkylene,
subscript y is 0 or 1,
R.sub.f is a perfluoroether group.

A purification method of desflurane (difluoromethyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether of the formula (1)) includes bringing a mixture containing desflurane and a trihalomethane into contact with a base in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, thereby decomposing the trihalomethane. By this method, only the trihalometane contained as a by-product in the desflurane is decomposed without causing decomposition of the desflurane, whereby the desflurane is obtained with high purity.

##STR00001##

Ethoxy-nonafluorobutane (C.sub.4F.sub.9OC.sub.2H.sub.5) is used as an immersion medium for immersing an immersion objective of a cryo-light microscope. The cryo-light microscope comprising an immersion objective, a front lens mount holding a front lens of the immersion objective, a sample holder and a cold stage carrying the sample holder further has a heating device coupling a heat flow into the front lens mount.

Ethoxy-nonafluorobutane (C.sub.4F.sub.9OC.sub.2H.sub.5) is used as an immersion medium for immersing an immersion objective of a cryo-light microscope. The cryo-light microscope comprising an immersion objective, a front lens mount holding a front lens of the immersion objective, a sample holder and a cold stage carrying the sample holder further has a heating device coupling a heat flow into the front lens mount.

The present invention provides an electrolytic solution capable of providing an electrochemical device (e.g., a lithium ion secondary battery) or a module that is less likely to generate gas even in high-temperature storage and has high capacity retention even after high-temperature storage. The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution which may contain a compound represented by Y.sup.21R.sup.21CCY.sup.22R.sup.22 wherein R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 may be the same as or different from each other, and are each H, an alkyl group, or a halogenated alkyl group; Y.sup.21 and Y.sup.22 may be the same as or different from each other, and are each OR.sup.23 or a halogen atom; and R.sup.23 is H, an alkyl group, or a halogenated alkyl group.