A method includes the steps of (a) contacting a solvent having a Water Solubility of 1 g or greater per 100 g of water with a metallosilicate catalyst having an alumina to silica ratio from 5 to 1500; and (b) heating the metallosilicate catalyst to a temperature from 125 C to 300 C fora period of 0.5 hours to 5 hours.

A method includes the steps of (a) contacting a solvent having a Water Solubility of 1 g or greater per 100 g of water with a metallosilicate catalyst having an alumina to silica ratio from 5 to 1500; and (b) heating the metallosilicate catalyst to a temperature from 125 C to 300 C fora period of 0.5 hours to 5 hours.

A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following formula (1) is provided.

R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.1—CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2CH(OH)—(CH.sub.2).sub.n—CH(OH)CH.sub.2OCH.sub.2—R.sup.1—CH.sub.2—R.sup.2  (1)

(in the formula (1), n is an integer of 2 to 6, R.sup.1 is a perfluoropolyether chain, R.sup.2 is —OCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2O(CH.sub.2).sub.mOH (m in the formula is an integer of 2 to 4)).

A method of making a functionalized fluorinated monomer for use in making oligomers and polymers that can be used to improve surface properties of polymer-derived systems, such as coatings. The method of making a functionalized fluorinated monomer includes reacting at least one fluorinated nucleophilic reactant, such as a fluorinated alcohol, with at least one compound containing at least one epoxide group. Other methods include reaction of a fluorinated alcohol with a cyclic carboxylic anhydride. In another embodiment, a method includes reacting a fluorinated mesylate, tosylate or triflate with an amine, alkoxide or phenoxide. In other embodiments, the method includes reacting a fluorinated alcohol with an alkyl halide, or reacting a fluorinated alkyl halide with an amine. The functionalized fluorinated monomers may be used as intermediates and reacted to modify the functional groups thereon. Further, the functionalized fluorinated monomers may be reacted to form polymers or oligomers, or with polymers or oligomers having functional groups to modify the polymer or oligomer through the functional group thereon.

The present invention provides a co-surfactant which, when used in combination with a surfactant, can reduce the size of the surfactant micelle and can enhance the functions of the surfactant, such as the expression of microemulsion formation performance. This co-surfactant contains at least one compound represented by chemical formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbons of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 6-34, X is a single bond or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and one of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 is —OH and the other is —O—CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2—OH).sub.2.)

The present invention provides a co-surfactant which, when used in combination with a surfactant, can reduce the size of the surfactant micelle and can enhance the functions of the surfactant, such as the expression of microemulsion formation performance. This co-surfactant contains at least one compound represented by chemical formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbons of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 6-34, X is a single bond or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and one of A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 is —OH and the other is —O—CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2—OH).sub.2.)

The present invention provides: a rust inhibitor that has excellent rust inhibiting and anti-corrosive properties, not only on iron members, but also on non-iron metal members, and can prevent rust, and corrosion over long periods; a rust, inhibitor composition that, contains the rust inhibitor, a coating formation material; a coating obtained from the rust inhibitor, the rust inhibitor composition, or the coating formation material; and a metal component that comprises the coating. This rust inhibitor contains at least one compound represented by a Chemical Formula (1).

##STR00001## (In the formula: R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-33; R.sup.2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-33; the total carbon number of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 1-34; X is a single bond or an aliphatic: hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-5; either A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 is —OH; and the other is —O—CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2—OH).sub.2.)

The present invention provides: a surfactant that has outstanding emulsifiability in oil, wetting properties with respect to matter, osmotic properties with respect to fiber products, and washability; and a surfactant composition that contains the surfactant. This surfactant contains at least one compound represented by a Chemical Formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula: R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-33; R.sup.2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-33; the total carbon number of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 1-34; X is a single bond or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-5; either A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 is —OH; and the other is —O—CH.sub.2-CH (OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2-OH).sub.2.)

The present invention provides: a surfactant that has outstanding emulsifiability in oil, wetting properties with respect to matter, osmotic properties with respect to fiber products, and washability; and a surfactant composition that contains the surfactant. This surfactant contains at least one compound represented by a Chemical Formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula: R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-33; R.sup.2 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-33; the total carbon number of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 1-34; X is a single bond or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon number of 1-5; either A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 is —OH; and the other is —O—CH.sub.2-CH (OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2-OH).sub.2.)

A process for processing an alcohol-containing solvent is described. The process according to the invention is used in particular for the treatment of alcohol-containing solvents which are used, for example, for cleaning metal parts. Further subject matter of the present invention are compositions which are suitable for the aforementioned intended use, as well as the use of certain compositions for the purification of alcohol-containing solvents.