According to a least one feature of the present disclosure, a method includes the steps: (a) providing a metallosilicate catalyst that has been used to catalyze a chemical reaction; and (b) heating the metallosilicate catalyst to a temperature from 200° C. to 425° C. for a period of 0.5 hours to 5 hours.

According to a least one feature of the present disclosure, a method includes the steps: (a) providing a metallosilicate catalyst that has been used to catalyze a chemical reaction; and (b) heating the metallosilicate catalyst to a temperature from 200° C. to 425° C. for a period of 0.5 hours to 5 hours.

Provided is a compound with which a lubricant having excellent adhesion to a magnetic disk, particularly to a protective layer can be provided. A perfluoropolyether compound in accordance with one aspect of this invention has a structure in which two perfluoropolyethers are bonded to each other through an aliphatic ether, the aliphatic ether including a carbon atom to which a primary alcohol is bonded.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of fluorinated compounds, to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof and to compositions comprising novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups.

To provide a method capable of easily and efficiently removing a 2-alkoxyethanol from a mixture containing the 2-alkoxyethanol and a (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether while suppressing a decrease in the yield of (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether. A method for removing a 2-alkoxyethanol, including the step of adding one or more azeotropic solvents selected from the group consisting of alkanes having 7 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkanes having 7 to 8 carbon atoms to a mixture containing the 2-alkoxyethanol represented by the following formula (1)
R—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH  (1) where R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether represented by the following formula (2)
R—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O—CH═CH.sub.2  (2) where R has the same meaning as R in the formula (1), and subjecting the resulting mixture to azeotropic distillation.

To provide a method capable of easily and efficiently removing a 2-alkoxyethanol from a mixture containing the 2-alkoxyethanol and a (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether while suppressing a decrease in the yield of (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether. A method for removing a 2-alkoxyethanol, including the step of adding one or more azeotropic solvents selected from the group consisting of alkanes having 7 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkanes having 7 to 8 carbon atoms to a mixture containing the 2-alkoxyethanol represented by the following formula (1)
R—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH  (1) where R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether represented by the following formula (2)
R—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O—CH═CH.sub.2  (2) where R has the same meaning as R in the formula (1), and subjecting the resulting mixture to azeotropic distillation.

To provide a method capable of easily and efficiently removing a 2-alkoxyethanol from a mixture containing the 2-alkoxyethanol and a (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether while suppressing a decrease in the yield of (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether. A method for removing a 2-alkoxyethanol, including the step of adding one or more azeotropic solvents selected from the group consisting of alkanes having 7 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkanes having 7 to 8 carbon atoms to a mixture containing the 2-alkoxyethanol represented by the following formula (1)
R—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH  (1) where R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a (2-alkoxyethyl) vinyl ether represented by the following formula (2)
R—O—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O—CH═CH.sub.2  (2) where R has the same meaning as R in the formula (1), and subjecting the resulting mixture to azeotropic distillation.

A process for preparing a low-molecular weight fluoropolyether containing an acid fluoride by decomposing a triflate or trifluoroacetate of a fluoropolyether having a hydroxyl group in the presence of a Lewis acid.

A solution of a mixed alkaline earth alkoxide compound with an aluminum compound in an aprotic solvent, and methods of making and using them.

A solution of a mixed alkaline earth alkoxide compound with an aluminum compound in an aprotic solvent, and methods of making and using them.