The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight less 300, and additive packages having such quaternary ammonium salts and improved stability.

To provide a process for producing a desired perfluorinated product at a high yield in a fluorination reaction of a partially fluorinated ester. A perfluorinated compound (4) is obtained by fluorinating in a liquid phase a compound (3) (wherein the fluorine content is at least 30 mass %) obtained by reacting a compound (1) and a compound (2), wherein the compound (1) is HOCH.sub.2—R.sup.A—CH.sub.2OH, the compound (2) is X.sup.1C(═O)—C(R.sup.B)(R.sup.C)(R.sup.D), R.sup.A is a bivalent saturated hydrocarbon group or the like which has no hetero atom such as an etheric oxygen atom, X.sup.1 is a halogen atom, and —C(R.sup.B)(R.sup.C)(R.sup.D) is a branched group.

To provide a process for producing a desired perfluorinated product at a high yield in a fluorination reaction of a partially fluorinated ester. A perfluorinated compound (4) is obtained by fluorinating in a liquid phase a compound (3) (wherein the fluorine content is at least 30 mass %) obtained by reacting a compound (1) and a compound (2), wherein the compound (1) is HOCH.sub.2—R.sup.A—CH.sub.2OH, the compound (2) is X.sup.1C(═O)—C(R.sup.B)(R.sup.C)(R.sup.D), R.sup.A is a bivalent saturated hydrocarbon group or the like which has no hetero atom such as an etheric oxygen atom, X.sup.1 is a halogen atom, and —C(R.sup.B)(R.sup.C)(R.sup.D) is a branched group.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

Disclosed is a fluoropolyether compound comprising a C.sub.4-10 aliphatic hydrocarbon chain present in the middle of the fluoropolyether compound and at least two perfluoropolyethers.

Disclosed is a fluoropolyether compound comprising a C.sub.4-10 aliphatic hydrocarbon chain present in the middle of the fluoropolyether compound and at least two perfluoropolyethers.

Described herein are three methods for making halogenated fluorinated ether-containing compounds using a fluorinated olefin or hexafluoropropylene oxide.

Described herein are three methods for making halogenated fluorinated ether-containing compounds using a fluorinated olefin or hexafluoropropylene oxide.