The present invention pertains to: a functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane containing a novel chain extender having functionality capable of chemically bonding to a prepolymer polymerized by reacting a polyol (P) with a diisocyanate (R); a functional composite material containing one or more monomers or polymers selected from the group consisting of an anionic functional group, an amphoteric functional group, a perfluorinated compound, a hydrogel, and a silicone polymer; a method for producing same; and an article including same.