A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a resin; and a crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein the crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2) is a compound obtained by reacting a compound of Formula (3) or Formula (4):

##STR00002##

with an ether compound comprising a hydroxy group or a C.sub.2-10 alcohol.

The invention provides compounds for use in inhibiting a microbial alternative oxidase (AOX) and/or cytochrome bc.sub.1 complex. The invention extends to the use of such inhibitors in agrochemicals and in pharmaceuticals, for treating microbial infections, including fungal infections.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing ortho substituted phenols from 2,5-dimethylfuran and propargyl ethers in the presence of a gold(I) complex. It is particularly advantageous to use 2,5-dimethylfuran as this offers an ecological beneficial synthesis of said ortho substituted phenols.

Synthetic methods for the preparation of ligands and metal-ligand complexes are disclosed.

Disclosed are aromatic dicarbinol compounds that may have utility in a variety of chemical applications such as plasticizers, diluents, wetting agents and paint additives and as intermediates in chemical processes. The aromatic dicarbinols have particular utility as reactants in processes for the synthesis of aromatic enol ether compounds.

A resist underlayer film for use in lithography process which generates less sublimate, has excellent embeddability at the time of applying onto a substrate having a hole pattern, and has high dry etching resistance, wiggling resistance and heat resistance, etc. A resist underlayer film-forming composition including a resin and a crosslinkable compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2): ##STR00001##
in which Q.sup.1 is a single bond or an m1-valent organic group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 are each a C.sub.2-10 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-10 alkyl group having a C.sub.1-10 alkoxy group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 are each a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group or a C.sub.6-40 aryl group.

Compounds [compounds (L)] comprising at least one monocyclic, polycyclic or polycondensed aromatic moiety [moiety (A*)], wherein: at least one carbon atom of moiety (A*) is substituted with a fluoropolyoxyalkene chain [chain (R.sub.f)], said chain (R.sub.f) comprising: a) a fluorocarbon segment having ether linkages in the main chain and b) at least one hydroxyl group and wherein: at least one other carbon atom of moiety (A*) is substituted with an electron-withdrawing group and mixtures thereof are herein disclosed. Disclosed are also a process for manufacturing compounds (L), a method for lubricating MRM comprising using compounds (L), a lubricant composition comprising one or more compounds (L) and a method for manufacturing a composition (C).

A compound for improving the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. This is achieved essentially by the incorporation of polymers obtainable by polymerization of compounds of the general formula (I), in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms, with ,-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, carboxylic anhydrides, carboxamides, carboxylic acid imides, nitriles and their mixtures.

A compound for improving the primary detergent power of detergents and cleaning products, in particular with respect to soiling containing oil and/or grease. This is achieved essentially by the incorporation of polymers obtainable by polymerization of compounds of the general formula (I), in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms, with ,-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, carboxylic anhydrides, carboxamides, carboxylic acid imides, nitriles and their mixtures.

Method of forming a trisubstituted ethylene compound, the method comprising: (A) providing a trisubstituted ethylene compound bearing a first, a second and a third substituent, in which the first and the second substituent are bound to the one olefinic carbon atom and are different from one another; (B) providing a monosubstituted ethylene compound or a disubstituted ethylene compound in which the substituents are vicinally bound to the olefinic carbon atoms, bearing at least a fourth substituent, respectively; (C) subjecting the trisubstituted ethylene compound provided in step (A) to a cross-metathesis reaction with olefin provided in step (B) to form said trisubstituted ethylene, wherein the cross-metathesis reaction is catalysed by a transition metal complex bearing ligands from which one ligand is a carbene ligand, wherein the carbene complex is characterized by a MC moiety, wherein M is the transition metal; and wherein the reaction proceeds stereoselectively.