A method of reducing a CO bond to the corresponding CH bond in a substrate, which could be a benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, ester or an ether bond beta to a hydroxyl group or alpha to a carbonyl group using a recyclable metal catalyst system. The recyclable catalyst system is also applicable to reducing a CO bond to the corresponding COH bond and then CH bond. These methodologies can be linked in one-pot to selective oxidation and depolymerizations of aromatic polyols such as lignin.

A method of reducing a CO bond to the corresponding CH bond in a substrate, which could be a benzylic alcohol, allylic alcohol, ester or an ether bond beta to a hydroxyl group or alpha to a carbonyl group using a recyclable metal catalyst system. The recyclable catalyst system is also applicable to reducing a CO bond to the corresponding COH bond and then CH bond. These methodologies can be linked in one-pot to selective oxidation and depolymerizations of aromatic polyols such as lignin.

Disclosed are novel bridged bi-aromatic phenol ligands and transition metal catalyst compounds derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods of making the ligands and transition metal compounds, and polymerization processes utilizing the transition metal compounds for the production of olefin polymers.

A compound having formula (Ph.sub.3C).sub.mAr(OR).sub.n, wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms, R is C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.12 aralkyl, m is one or two, and n is an integer from one to four.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

The present disclosure provides a novel biphenyl derivative compound, an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The biphenyl derivative compound, optical isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the present disclosure may induce cancer cell death by damaging mitochondria and inducing ATP depletion in cells which are in a nutrient-starved state such as a glucose-starved state, which is the normal environment of cancer cells. In addition, it is an Nm23-H1/NDPK activity-increasing substance that may suppress cancer metastasis and growth. Thus, it exhibits excellent effects not only on the prevention, alleviation and treatment of cancer, but also on the suppression of cancer metastasis.

The invention relates to a process for synthesising organic molecules. The invention provides a process for forming an sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 carbon-carbon bond between a first compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and a second compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group in the presence of a catalyst, water, and a first base. The process may find use in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

The invention relates to a process for synthesising organic molecules. The invention provides a process for forming an sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 carbon-carbon bond between a first compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group and a second compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group in the presence of a catalyst, water, and a first base. The process may find use in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Disclosed are novel bridged bi-aromatic phenol ligands and transition metal catalyst compounds derived therefrom. Also disclosed are methods of making the ligands and transition metal compounds, and polymerization processes utilizing the transition metal compounds for the production of olefin polymers.