Disclosed is a catalyst system, its methods of preparation and its use for producing, among others, alkenes and/or saturated or unsaturated oxygenates and, which include at least one of an aldehyde and an acid (such as propyl aldehyde, acrolein, acrylic acid, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein, methacrylic acid), comprising subjecting the corresponding an alcohol or a diol selected from the group consisting of propanol, propanediol and isobutanol that is derivable from biomass, to a vapor phase process over the catalytic system described herein in the presence of a gas mixture of oxygen, air or nitrogen and/or other suitable diluting gas. In the case where one of 1-propanol, or 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol or a mixture thereof is subjected to a vapor phase catalytic process over the said catalytic system in the presence of air or oxygen, and a co-fed gas, such as nitrogen or other diluting gas, the product is at least one of propylene, propyl aldehyde, acrolein and acrylic acid. In the case where isobutanol is subjected to such a process, the product is at least one of isobutylene, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein and methacrylic acid. The catalyst system comprises a single catalytic zone or multi-catalytic zones, in each of which the composition of the co-feed and other reaction parameter can be independently controlled.

Disclosed is a catalyst system, its methods of preparation and its use for producing, among others, alkenes and/or saturated or unsaturated oxygenates and, which include at least one of an aldehyde and an acid (such as propyl aldehyde, acrolein, acrylic acid, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein, methacrylic acid), comprising subjecting the corresponding an alcohol or a diol selected from the group consisting of propanol, propanediol and isobutanol that is derivable from biomass, to a vapor phase process over the catalytic system described herein in the presence of a gas mixture of oxygen, air or nitrogen and/or other suitable diluting gas. In the case where one of 1-propanol, or 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol or a mixture thereof is subjected to a vapor phase catalytic process over the said catalytic system in the presence of air or oxygen, and a co-fed gas, such as nitrogen or other diluting gas, the product is at least one of propylene, propyl aldehyde, acrolein and acrylic acid. In the case where isobutanol is subjected to such a process, the product is at least one of isobutylene, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein and methacrylic acid. The catalyst system comprises a single catalytic zone or multi-catalytic zones, in each of which the composition of the co-feed and other reaction parameter can be independently controlled.

Disclosed is a catalyst system, its methods of preparation and its use for producing, among others, alkenes and/or saturated or unsaturated oxygenates and, which include at least one of an aldehyde and an acid (such as propyl aldehyde, acrolein, acrylic acid, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein, methacrylic acid), comprising subjecting the corresponding an alcohol or a diol selected from the group consisting of propanol, propanediol and isobutanol that is derivable from biomass, to a vapor phase process over the catalytic system described herein in the presence of a gas mixture of oxygen, air or nitrogen and/or other suitable diluting gas. In the case where one of 1-propanol, or 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol or a mixture thereof is subjected to a vapor phase catalytic process over the said catalytic system in the presence of air or oxygen, and a co-fed gas, such as nitrogen or other diluting gas, the product is at least one of propylene, propyl aldehyde, acrolein and acrylic acid. In the case where isobutanol is subjected to such a process, the product is at least one of isobutylene, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein and methacrylic acid. The catalyst system comprises a single catalytic zone or multi-catalytic zones, in each of which the composition of the co-feed and other reaction parameter can be independently controlled.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing aldehydes or ketones via aerobic oxidation of alcohols with the copper salts and nitroxide radicals as catalysts. Both oxygen and air could be used as oxidants, after 4 to 48 hours of reaction in an organic solvent at room temperature, the alcohols are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The present invention has the following advantages: easy to operate, refraining from using chlorides which are corrosive to equipment, readily available raw materials and reagents, mils reaction conditions, the broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, convenient purification, environmentally friendly and no pollution. Thus, the method is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing aldehydes or ketones via aerobic oxidation of alcohols with the copper salts and nitroxide radicals as catalysts. Both oxygen and air could be used as oxidants, after 4 to 48 hours of reaction in an organic solvent at room temperature, the alcohols are efficiently oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. The present invention has the following advantages: easy to operate, refraining from using chlorides which are corrosive to equipment, readily available raw materials and reagents, mils reaction conditions, the broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, convenient purification, environmentally friendly and no pollution. Thus, the method is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of oxidized wood products, comprising step a) reacting chips of one or more wood products in a basic solution at a pH between 8 and 14 under an oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of at least 0.1 MPa, or at least 0.9 MPa. A copper catalyst may be used in the process.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of oxidized wood products, comprising step a) reacting chips of one or more wood products in a basic solution at a pH between 8 and 14 under an oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of at least 0.1 MPa, or at least 0.9 MPa. A copper catalyst may be used in the process.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of oxidized wood products, comprising step a) reacting chips of one or more wood products in a basic solution at a pH between 8 and 14 under an oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of at least 0.1 MPa, or at least 0.9 MPa. A copper catalyst may be used in the process.

A process and plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia together with urea production from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. Carbon dioxide is removed from flue gas from reforming section and used to convert partially or fully all ammonia into urea.

A process and plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia together with urea production from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. Carbon dioxide is removed from flue gas from reforming section and used to convert partially or fully all ammonia into urea.