A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

Methods and systems for producing acetic acid, including glacial acetic acid. A first stream of a reactor fluid that includes methyl acetate, water, and a first amount of carbon monoxide may be forwarded from a reactor to a reactor cooler to form a cooled reactor fluid. The cooled reactor fluid may have a concentration of methyl acetate that is lower than the concentration of methyl acetate in the reactor fluid.

Provided is a method for producing acetic acid, which includes an absorption step that suppresses corrosion inside a distillation column when a solution after that has absorbed a target component is subjected to distillation. The method for producing acetic acid according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an absorption step of supplying, to an absorption column, at least a portion of offgas generated in an acetic acid production process, bringing the offgas into contact with an absorbent containing one or more liquids selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, an ester of a carboxylic acid having 3 or more carbon atoms, an ester of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol having 2 or more carbon atoms, and an ether, to allow the absorbent to absorb an iodine compound in the offgas, and separating into a gas component having a lower iodine compound concentration than the offgas and a solution containing the absorbent and the iodine compound.

Provided are processes and products of manufacture that provide a green solution to the hydrolysis of C8/C10 methyl ester to fatty acids. Provided are reactive distillation processes for producing an aliphatic acid and an alcohol as hydrolysis products. Provided are processes and products of manufacture encompassing the hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters to an aliphatic acid and an alcohol by a reactive distillation process. Provided are processes and products of manufacture useful for equilibrium-limited reactions and for the separation of azeotropic mixtures. Provided are reactive distillation products of manufacture and processes for alkyl alkanoate hydrolysis comprising a reaction column comprising a rectifying rectifying zone for further distillation, a reaction zone, and a stripping zone wherein products are separated from reaction mixtures, where a water stream and fatty acid alkyl ester stream can be fed into the reaction section.

A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process for concentrating tartaric acid have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

The present invention relates to methods of extracting cannabinoid acids from cannabis plant material by combining the plant material with an aqueous solution having a high pH to solubilize cannabinoid acid anions, followed by precipitation of the cannabinoid acids at low pH and filtration. The method provides yields of up to 97%, while high pH purification of ethanol extracted oils yielded purities up to 86%.

Provided are processes and products of manufacture that provide a green solution to the hydrolysis of C8/C10 methyl ester to fatty acids. Provided are reactive distillation processes for producing an aliphatic acid and an alcohol as hydrolysis products. Provided are processes and products of manufacture encompassing the hydrolysis of fatty acid alkyl esters to an aliphatic acid and an alcohol by a reactive distillation process. Provided are processes and products of manufacture useful for equilibrium-limited reactions and for the separation of azeotropic mixtures. Provided are reactive distillation products of manufacture and processes for alkyl alkanoate hydrolysis comprising a reaction column comprising a rectifying rectifying zone for further distillation, a reaction zone, and a stripping zone wherein products are separated from reaction mixtures, where a water stream and fatty acid alkyl ester stream can be fed into the reaction section.

Provided is an acetic acid production method that enables, in a scrubbing system, efficient separation and obtaining of methyl iodide and an absorbing solvent; restrainment of corrosion of the interior of a distillation column; efficient separation between and recovery of hydrogen iodide and methyl iodide; or sufficient recovery of hydrogen iodide. The acetic acid production method according to the present invention includes a first absorption step and a second absorption step. In the first absorption step, an offgas is brought into contact with a first absorbent to allow the first absorbent to absorb an iodine compound from the offgas, to give a first gas, where the first absorbent includes at least one of C2 or higher alcohols, esters of C3 or higher carboxylic acids, esters between carboxylic acids and C2 or higher alcohols, ethers, ketones, water, and basic aqueous solutions. In the second absorption step, the first gas is brought into contact with a second absorbent to allow the second absorbent to absorb an iodine compound from the first gas, where the second absorbent includes at least one of C2 or higher alcohols, esters of C3 or higher carboxylic acids, ethers, esters between carboxylic acids and C2 or higher alcohols, ketones, water, basic aqueous solutions, and acetic acid and differs in composition from the first absorbent.

Provided is a method for industrially efficiently producing acetic acid that yields a good potassium permanganate test result, without enormous cost. A light ends column (first distillation column) is operated with a reflux ratio at a specific level or more, a distillation column (crotonaldehyde-removing column) is provided for treating an organic phase of an overhead condensate from the light ends column, and the crotonaldehyde-removing column is operated under such conditions as to meet at least one of conditions (i) to (iii) as follows: (i) a reflux ratio at the distillation column is 0.01 or more; (ii) at the distillation column, the ratio of a crotonaldehyde concentration in a distillate to a crotonaldehyde concentration in a charge liquid is less than 1; and (iii) at the distillation column, the ratio of a crotonaldehyde concentration in bottoms to a crotonaldehyde concentration in the charge liquid is greater than 1.