This disclosure provides methods for the chemical modification of triglycerides that are highly enriched in specific fatty acids and subsequent use thereof for producing functionally versatile polymers.

The present invention provides an industrially advantageous production method of (1R,2S)-2-{[((2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy}methyl]-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide.

(1R,2S)-2-{[((2,4-Dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxyl}methyl]-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide (compound [A]) is produced by an industrially advantageous method by a route via a novel compound.

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the description.

The present invention provides an industrially advantageous production method of (1R,2S)-2-{[((2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy}methyl]-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide.

(1R,2S)-2-{[((2,4-Dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxyl}methyl]-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide (compound [A]) is produced by an industrially advantageous method by a route via a novel compound.

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the description.

The present invention provides an industrially advantageous production method of (1R,2S)-2-{[((2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy}methyl]-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide.

(1R,2S)-2-{[((2,4-Dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxyl}methyl]-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide (compound [A]) is produced by an industrially advantageous method by a route via a novel compound.

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the description.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R, 2R, 5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R, 2R, 5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

Provided herein are methods and intermediates for making (1R, 2R, 5R)-5-amino-2-methylcyclohexanol hydrochloride, which are useful for the preparation of compounds useful for the treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition associated with the JNK pathway.

A process for making ortho alkoxy bisphenol monomers includes contacting an (alk-1-enyl)alkoxyphenol (type 1) with an alkoxyphenol (type 2) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Both type of renewable phenols (type 1 and 2) can be generated from lignocellulosic biomass. The use of such alkoxy phenols as a precursor to bisphenol monomers has the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of structural materials, while meeting or exceeding the performance of current petroleum-derived polymers, such as thermoplastics and thermoset resins.

A process for making ortho alkoxy bisphenol monomers includes contacting an (alk-1-enyl)alkoxyphenol (type 1) with an alkoxyphenol (type 2) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Both type of renewable phenols (type 1 and 2) can be generated from lignocellulosic biomass. The use of such alkoxy phenols as a precursor to bisphenol monomers has the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of structural materials, while meeting or exceeding the performance of current petroleum-derived polymers, such as thermoplastics and thermoset resins.

The invention relates to a method of forming an olefin from a first olefin and a second olefin in a metathesis reaction, comprising step (i): (i) reacting the first olefin with the second olefin in the presence of a compound that catalyzes said metathesis reaction such that the molar ratio of said compound to the first or the second olefin is from 1:500 or less, and the conversion of the first or the second olefin to said olefin is at least 50%, characterized in that as compound that catalyzes said metathesis reaction a compound of the following formula is used: ##STR00001## wherein M is Mo or W; R.sup.1 is aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, or heteroalkyl; optionally substituted; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; optionally substituted; R.sup.5 is alkyl, alkoxy, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, silylalkyl, silyloxy, optionally substituted; and R.sup.4 is a residue R.sup.6—X—, wherein X═O and R.sup.6 is aryl, optionally substituted; or X═S and R.sup.6 is aryl, optionally substituted; or X═O and R.sup.6 is (R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9)Si; wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 are alkyl or phenyl, optionally substituted; or X═O and R.sup.6 is (R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12)C, wherein R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12 are independently selected from phenyl, alkyl; optionally substituted; and to the catalysts used in the method.