Suggested is a fragrance mixture comprising specific esters of (−)-carveol and/or (−)-dihydro-carveol.

Processes for synthesizing new compounds that may usefully be employed in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of vitamin A or β-carotene and derivatives thereof, e.g. canthaxanthin, astaxanthin or zeaxanthin are disclosed. The new compounds are especially useful as intermediates (building blocks) in the synthesis of vitamin A or β-carotene, preferably vitamin A.

Processes for synthesizing new compounds that may usefully be employed in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of vitamin A or β-carotene and derivatives thereof, e.g. canthaxanthin, astaxanthin or zeaxanthin are disclosed. The new compounds are especially useful as intermediates (building blocks) in the synthesis of vitamin A or β-carotene, preferably vitamin A.

There is provided an α-carbonyl alkenyl ester and a preparation method therefor, and the α-carbonyl alkenyl ester is further used to react with a primary or secondary amine to prepare an amide. The two reactions are combined to develop an amide bond and peptide bond formation method that directly use carboxylic acids and amines as starting materials and allenones as a condensing reagent. The α-carbonyl alkenyl ester corresponding to an α-amino acid serves as a peptide synthesis building block and is used in solid phase peptide synthesis. The method is carried out under mild reaction conditions, simple to operate, and has a high yield. Compared with existing amide bond condensation reagents, the allenones have the advantages of being simple to prepare, having good stability, a low molecular weight, not racemizing when activating α-chiral carboxylic acids, and is a novel amide bond and peptide bond condensing reagent.

There is provided an α-carbonyl alkenyl ester and a preparation method therefor, and the α-carbonyl alkenyl ester is further used to react with a primary or secondary amine to prepare an amide. The two reactions are combined to develop an amide bond and peptide bond formation method that directly use carboxylic acids and amines as starting materials and allenones as a condensing reagent. The α-carbonyl alkenyl ester corresponding to an α-amino acid serves as a peptide synthesis building block and is used in solid phase peptide synthesis. The method is carried out under mild reaction conditions, simple to operate, and has a high yield. Compared with existing amide bond condensation reagents, the allenones have the advantages of being simple to prepare, having good stability, a low molecular weight, not racemizing when activating α-chiral carboxylic acids, and is a novel amide bond and peptide bond condensing reagent.

A macromolecules containing a metal and a use thereof as a catalyst are disclosed. The macromolecules containing a metal may be obtained by causing a ligand to react with a zinc compound or a cobalt compound. The ligand has an imidazole group that is bonded to a macromolecule via a linker. The metal-containing macromolecules are highly active as a catalyst, stable, and easy to recover and reuse.

A macromolecules containing a metal and a use thereof as a catalyst are disclosed. The macromolecules containing a metal may be obtained by causing a ligand to react with a zinc compound or a cobalt compound. The ligand has an imidazole group that is bonded to a macromolecule via a linker. The metal-containing macromolecules are highly active as a catalyst, stable, and easy to recover and reuse.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization when subject only to actinic radiation. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass compositions encompassing a latent organo-ruthenium compound and a pyridine compound along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) when said composition is exposed to suitable actinic radiation to form a substantially transparent film. Surprisingly, the compositions are very stable at ambient conditions to temperatures up to 80° C. for several days and undergo mass polymerization when subject only to actinic radiation. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful in various opto-electronic applications, including as 3D printing materials, coatings, encapsulants, fillers, leveling agents, among others.

Methods for preparing conjugated dienes are described. An α,β-unsaturated E olefin intermediate may be prepared via cross-metathesis using a catalyst comprising a transition metal (e.g., ruthenium), a first carbene ligand (e.g., a substituted indenylidene) and an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (e.g., an imidazolidinylidene). The catalyst further includes a phenylphosphine ligand, a tri(isopropoxy)phosphine ligand, a dimethylsulfoxide ligand, an acetonitrile ligand, or a pyridine ligand. Following the cross metathesis-step, the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde intermediate may be converted to the conjugated diene product via reaction with a phosphonium ylide. Products obtained via the methods of the disclosure include (7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dien-1-yl acetate, a pheromone produced by Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth), and other insect pheromones.