The present invention provides a compound that inhibits the activity of TRPV4 and is useful for prevention or amelioration of an overactive bladder, an irritable bowel syndrome, etc. The compound is a rosmarinic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof:

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The present invention provides a compound that inhibits the activity of TRPV4 and is useful for prevention or amelioration of an overactive bladder, an irritable bowel syndrome, etc. The compound is a rosmarinic acid derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof:

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The present invention relates to binaphthyl compounds of the formula (I), which are suitable as monomers for preparing polycarbonate resins having beneficial optical properties and which can be used for producing optical lenses: Formula (I) where X is C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkandiyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkandiyl-C(O)—, where C(O) is bound to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group and where C.sub.2-C.sub.4-alkandiyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkandiyl, respectively, are unsubstituted or carry a phenyl ring; R and R′ are identical or different and selected from mono or polycyclic aryl having from 6 to 36 carbon atoms and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl having a total of 5 to 36 atoms, which are ring members, where 1, 2, 3 or 4 of these atoms are selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, while the remainder of these atoms are carbon atoms, where mono- or polycyclic aryl and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl are unsubstituted or carry 1 or 2 radicals R.sup.a, which are selected from the group consisting of CN, CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, O-phenyl, O-naphthyl, S-phenyl, S-naphthyl, CI or F; and, if X is C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkandiyl-C(O)—, the esters thereof, in particular the C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkylesters thereof. ##STR00001##

Phenoxy acetic acids and phenyl propionic acids and their use in improving mitochondrial energy output in a subject are provided herein. The present compounds are activators of PPARδ and may be useful for treating conditions mediated by the same.

Phenoxy acetic acids and phenyl propionic acids and their use in improving mitochondrial energy output in a subject are provided herein. The present compounds are activators of PPARδ and may be useful for treating conditions mediated by the same.

A calixarene compound represented by formula (1) below is provided. The calixarene compound contains, per molecule, at least one —CH.sub.2OH group or phenolic hydroxy group and at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond. R.sup.1's are a structural moiety (A), which has a —CH.sub.2OH group; a structural moiety (B), which has a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond; a structural moiety (C), which has a —CH.sub.2OH group and a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond; a monovalent organic group (D), which is different from (A), (B), and (C); or a hydrogen atom (E). R.sup.2's are (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) provided that not all R.sup.2's are (E). R.sup.3's are one of a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and an aryl group. n is 2 to 10. * is a point of attachment to an aromatic ring. A curable composition including the calixarene compound is provided. A cured product of the curable composition is provided.

Phenoxy acetic acids and phenyl propionic acids and their use in improving mitochondrial energy output in a subject are provided herein. The present compounds are activators of PPAR and may be useful for treating conditions mediated by the same.

Phenoxy acetic acids and phenyl propionic acids and their use in improving mitochondrial energy output in a subject are provided herein. The present compounds are activators of PPAR and may be useful for treating conditions mediated by the same.

Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I):

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or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein A, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and n are as defined herein. Such compounds function as thyromimetics and have utility for treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and fibrotic diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds are also provided, as are methods of their use and preparation.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L on mitochondrial cytochrome b protein, by applying a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein Q represents a group represented by the following Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 or Q5 (in the formulae, .circle-solid. represents a binding site to benzene ring); X represents an oxygen atom or NH; L represents CH.sub.2, an oxygen atom or NCH.sub.3; E represents a C6-C10 aryl group, etc.; R.sup.1 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group or a cyclopropyl group, etc.; R.sup.2 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group or a cyclopropyl group, etc.; R.sup.3 represents a C1-C3 alkoxy group or a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group, etc.; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3] or its N oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. ##STR00001##