The invention relates to compounds that promote hematopoietic regeneration. The invention further relates to methods of promoting hematopoietic regeneration using the novel compounds of the invention.

The present invention relates to esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals comprising a labile protecting group and having formula (I). Certain of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals do not undergo hydrolysis to a significant degree in the dark, but are cleaved to regenerate the parent carboxylic acid agrochemical when exposed to light. Others of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals undergo hydrolysis under both light and dark conditions. The present invention further relates to methods for the controlled release of a carboxylic acid agrochemicals, and to methods of controlling unwanted plants comprising applying to the unwanted plants an ester of a carboxylic acid agrochemical.

The present invention relates to esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals comprising a labile protecting group and having formula (I). Certain of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals do not undergo hydrolysis to a significant degree in the dark, but are cleaved to regenerate the parent carboxylic acid agrochemical when exposed to light. Others of the esters of carboxylic acid agrochemicals undergo hydrolysis under both light and dark conditions. The present invention further relates to methods for the controlled release of a carboxylic acid agrochemicals, and to methods of controlling unwanted plants comprising applying to the unwanted plants an ester of a carboxylic acid agrochemical.

The present invention includes DNP derivatives that are useful for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the subject is further administered at least one additional therapeutic agent.

The present invention includes DNP derivatives that are useful for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the subject is further administered at least one additional therapeutic agent.

A method for synthesizing halogenated organic compounds, such as halogenated alkenyl group-containing and halogenated alkyl group-containing compounds having a heteroatom (e.g., O,N.S) coupled to a carbon atom of a halogenated alkenyl or halogenated alkyl group, involves reacting a halogenated olefin such as a chloro-substituted trifluoropropenyl compound with an active hydrogen-containing organic compound such as an alcohol (e.g., an aliphatic monoalcohol, aliphatic polyalcohol, or a phenolic compound), a primary amine, a secondary amine or a thiol.

A method for synthesizing halogenated organic compounds, such as halogenated alkenyl group-containing and halogenated alkyl group-containing compounds having a heteroatom (e.g., O,N.S) coupled to a carbon atom of a halogenated alkenyl or halogenated alkyl group, involves reacting a halogenated olefin such as a chloro-substituted trifluoropropenyl compound with an active hydrogen-containing organic compound such as an alcohol (e.g., an aliphatic monoalcohol, aliphatic polyalcohol, or a phenolic compound), a primary amine, a secondary amine or a thiol.

The present invention provides a process for nitrating aromatic compounds without the need for a solid catalyst and/or any organic solvents and/or any other additives. A typical process includes combining or admixing a nitric acid and an anhydride compound under conditions sufficient to produce a reactive intermediate. The aromatic compound to be nitrated is then added to this reactive intermediate to produce a nitroaromatic compound. The nitroaromatic compound can be substituted with one or more, typically, one to three, and often one or two nitrate (NO.sub.2) groups.

The present invention provides a process for nitrating aromatic compounds without the need for a solid catalyst and/or any organic solvents and/or any other additives. A typical process includes combining or admixing a nitric acid and an anhydride compound under conditions sufficient to produce a reactive intermediate. The aromatic compound to be nitrated is then added to this reactive intermediate to produce a nitroaromatic compound. The nitroaromatic compound can be substituted with one or more, typically, one to three, and often one or two nitrate (NO.sub.2) groups.

Some embodiments of the invention include inventive catalysts (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia)). Other embodiments include compositions comprising the inventive catalysts. Some embodiments include methods of using the inventive catalysts (e.g., in hydrofluorination of an organic compound). Further embodiments include methods for making the inventive catalysts. Additional embodiments of the invention are also discussed herein.