Processes and systems for separating a mixture of three or more chemical components into multiple product streams each enriched in one of the components are provided herein. In some aspects, the present invention relates to processes for the separation of a chemical mixture including at least a heavy key component, an intermediate key component, and a light key component to form a product stream enriched in the light key component, a product stream enriched in the intermediate key component, and a product stream enriched in the heavy key component. Systems described herein may include one or more thermally coupled distillation columns including, for example, a dividing wall column, or a plurality of distillation columns arranged in a thermally integrated configuration.

Processes and systems for separating a mixture of three or more chemical components into multiple product streams each enriched in one of the components are provided herein. In some aspects, the present invention relates to processes for the separation of a chemical mixture including at least a heavy key component, an intermediate key component, and a light key component to form a product stream enriched in the light key component, a product stream enriched in the intermediate key component, and a product stream enriched in the heavy key component. Systems described herein may include one or more thermally coupled distillation columns including, for example, a dividing wall column, or a plurality of distillation columns arranged in a thermally integrated configuration.

Novel salt forms of [R(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-,-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid characterized by their X-ray powder diffraction pattern and solid-state NMR spectra are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition of the same, which are useful as agents for treating hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Alzheimer's Disease.

Novel salt forms of [R(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-,-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid characterized by their X-ray powder diffraction pattern and solid-state NMR spectra are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition of the same, which are useful as agents for treating hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Alzheimer's Disease.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amines, comprising the following steps: Reaction of a (i) amide acetal of the general formula (I), or (ii) ketene N,O-acetal of the general formula (II), or (iii) ester imide of the general formula (III) with H.sub.2 in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, where catalyst and amide acetal or ketene N,O-acetal or ester imide are used in a molar ratio of from 1:10 to 1:100 000 and where a hydrogen pressure of from 0.1 bar to 200 bar is established and where a temperature in the range of from 0 C. to 250 C. is established.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amines, comprising the following steps: Reaction of a (i) amide acetal of the general formula (I), or (ii) ketene N,O-acetal of the general formula (II), or (iii) ester imide of the general formula (III) with H.sub.2 in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, where catalyst and amide acetal or ketene N,O-acetal or ester imide are used in a molar ratio of from 1:10 to 1:100 000 and where a hydrogen pressure of from 0.1 bar to 200 bar is established and where a temperature in the range of from 0 C. to 250 C. is established.

Optical and electronic detection of chemicals, and particularly strong electron-donors, by 2H to 1T phase-based transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, detection apparatus incorporating the TMD films, methods for forming the detection apparatus, and detection systems and methods based on the TMD films are provided. The detection apparatus includes a 2H phase TMD film that transitions to the 1T phase under exposure to strong electron donors. After exposure, the phase state can be determined to assess whether all or a portion of the TMD has undergone a transition from the 2H phase to the 1T phase. Following detection, TMD films in the 1T phase can be converted back to the 2H phase, resulting in a reusable chemical sensor that is selective for strong electron donors.

Optical and electronic detection of chemicals, and particularly strong electron-donors, by 2H to 1T phase-based transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films, detection apparatus incorporating the TMD films, methods for forming the detection apparatus, and detection systems and methods based on the TMD films are provided. The detection apparatus includes a 2H phase TMD film that transitions to the 1T phase under exposure to strong electron donors. After exposure, the phase state can be determined to assess whether all or a portion of the TMD has undergone a transition from the 2H phase to the 1T phase. Following detection, TMD films in the 1T phase can be converted back to the 2H phase, resulting in a reusable chemical sensor that is selective for strong electron donors.

1-Oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl-(5-substituted-thiophen-2-yl)-sulfonamide compounds, formulations containing those compounds, and their use as AICARFT inhibitors.

1-Oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl-(5-substituted-thiophen-2-yl)-sulfonamide compounds, formulations containing those compounds, and their use as AICARFT inhibitors.