The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one by a short-step and simple method from raw materials that are procurable easily and inexpensively, using, as a raw material, a 1,3-dioxane that is a mixture containing a 1,3-dioxolane. Provided is a method for producing a 1,3-dioxan-5-one, including using a mixture of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following formula (II) as a raw material, the method including a step of oxidizing the mixture under an oxidative esterification condition (step 2): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The invention provides the tris salt of 4-(4-(1-isopropyl-7-oxo-1,4,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[indazole-5,4-piperidine]-1-carbonyl)-6-methoxypyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid as a crystalline anhydrous or tri-hydrate; as well as polymorphs, pharmaceutical compositions, dosage forms, and the use thereof in treating diseases, conditions or disorders modulated by the inhibition of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme(s) in an animal.

The present invention is to provide a method of producing a glyceric acid ester which is easy for production and high in yield, and in which a pyridine to be used for the reaction is easily reused. Provided is a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (II), including a step of oxidatively esterifying Compound A represented by the following formula (I) with Compound B selected from an organic nitroxyl radical, an N-hydroxy form thereof, and a salt containing an oxo ammonium cation of them, and an oxidizing agent in the presence of a pyridine having an alkyl substituent, wherein the use amount of Compound B is 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less in terms of a molar ratio relative to Compound A: ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention is to provide a method of producing a glyceric acid ester which is easy for production and high in yield, and in which a pyridine to be used for the reaction is easily reused. Provided is a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (II), including a step of oxidatively esterifying Compound A represented by the following formula (I) with Compound B selected from an organic nitroxyl radical, an N-hydroxy form thereof, and a salt containing an oxo ammonium cation of them, and an oxidizing agent in the presence of a pyridine having an alkyl substituent, wherein the use amount of Compound B is 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less in terms of a molar ratio relative to Compound A: ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure.

The present invention relates to providing a novel glyceric acid ester which can be produced in a high yield and is expected to be applied as a synthetic intermediate, and a method of producing the same. In addition, the present invention relates to providing a novel glyceric acid ester which exhibits a high recovery in a water-washing step after the reaction and a small work load at the time of production, and is expected to be applied as a synthetic intermediate, and a method of producing the same. The present invention provides a method of producing a compound represented by the following formula (II), including a step of oxidatively esterifying a compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein, in the formulae (I) and (II), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are bonded to each other to form a divalent hydrocarbon group for constituting a ring structure, provided that the case where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are a methyl group at the same time is excluded.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is ethyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is ethyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

The invention relates to a method for preparing aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylglucamine, characterized by first preparing an adduct of N-methylglucamine and formaldehyde in water at temperatures of between 15 C. and 40 C., and subsequently reacting said adduct to N,N-dimethylglucamine in the presence of a metal catalyst under hydrogen pressure at 20-68 C., followed by secondary hydrogenation at 70-120 bar and 70-110 C. once hydrogen absorption at 20-68 C. is completed.

The invention relates to a method for preparing aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylglucamine, characterized by first preparing an adduct of N-methylglucamine and formaldehyde in water at temperatures of between 15 C. and 40 C., and subsequently reacting said adduct to N,N-dimethylglucamine in the presence of a metal catalyst under hydrogen pressure at 20-68 C., followed by secondary hydrogenation at 70-120 bar and 70-110 C. once hydrogen absorption at 20-68 C. is completed.