A process for the manufacture of ethyleneamines and ethanolamines, comprising the steps of (i) converting a glycolaldehyde derivative of formula (II), in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are—the same or different—hydrogen, alkyl, such as C.sub.1-6-alkyl, or cycloalkyl such as Cs-e-cycloalkyl; and an animating agent of formula (III); in which R1 is hydrogen (H), alkyl, such as C.sub.1-6-alkyl, or cycloalkyl such as C.sub.3-6-cycloalkyl, in the gas or liquid phase; (ii) feeding the reaction products obtained in step (i) into a hydrogenation reactor, where the reaction products are converted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.

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Synthesis and application of an alcohol amine with an extended main carbon chain are provided, belonging to the field of chemical building materials. Under the action of a catalyst, tertiary amine is subjected to a two-step substitution reaction, a hydrolytic reaction and a reducing reaction to obtain a novel alcohol amine (NAA). The novel alcohol amine as provided may have a better grinding aid effect than triethanolamine while is added into cement as a cement grinding aid, and thus has a wide application prospect.

Synthesis and application of an alcohol amine with an extended main carbon chain are provided, belonging to the field of chemical building materials. Under the action of a catalyst, tertiary amine is subjected to a two-step substitution reaction, a hydrolytic reaction and a reducing reaction to obtain a novel alcohol amine (NAA). The novel alcohol amine as provided may have a better grinding aid effect than triethanolamine while is added into cement as a cement grinding aid, and thus has a wide application prospect.

A curing agent composition contains at least one multifunctional aromatic amine that forms a crystalline solid at 25° C., and at least one halo-substituted diethyltoluenediamine, in an amount effective to inhibit crystallization of the at least one multifunctional aromatic amine. A curable resin composition contains at least one epoxy compound having at least two epoxide groups per molecule of the epoxy compound and the curing agent composition. Methods for inhibiting phase separation of a curing agent composition or curable resin composition that contains at least one multifunctional aromatic amine that forms a crystalline solid at 25° C. include a step of adding to the respective composition at least one halo-substituted diethyltoluenediamine in an amount effective to inhibit crystallization of the at least one multifunctional aromatic amine. The compositions and methods are useful in making fiber reinforced resin matrix composite articles.

A curing agent composition contains at least one multifunctional aromatic amine that forms a crystalline solid at 25° C., and at least one halo-substituted diethyltoluenediamine, in an amount effective to inhibit crystallization of the at least one multifunctional aromatic amine. A curable resin composition contains at least one epoxy compound having at least two epoxide groups per molecule of the epoxy compound and the curing agent composition. Methods for inhibiting phase separation of a curing agent composition or curable resin composition that contains at least one multifunctional aromatic amine that forms a crystalline solid at 25° C. include a step of adding to the respective composition at least one halo-substituted diethyltoluenediamine in an amount effective to inhibit crystallization of the at least one multifunctional aromatic amine. The compositions and methods are useful in making fiber reinforced resin matrix composite articles.

A method of reducing color in an alkanolamine, the method comprising: contacting the alkanolamine with an amount of an aqueous solution effective to provide 5 to 1000 parts per million by weight of an alkali metal borohydride, based on parts by weight of the alkanolamine; and 0.5 to 10,000 parts per million by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide, based on parts by weight of the alkanolamine; preferably wherein the color-reduced alkanolamine is not distilled after the contacting.

A method of reducing color in an alkanolamine, the method comprising: contacting the alkanolamine with an amount of an aqueous solution effective to provide 5 to 1000 parts per million by weight of an alkali metal borohydride, based on parts by weight of the alkanolamine; and 0.5 to 10,000 parts per million by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide, based on parts by weight of the alkanolamine; preferably wherein the color-reduced alkanolamine is not distilled after the contacting.

A method of reducing color in an alkanolamine, the method comprising: contacting the alkanolamine with an amount of an aqueous solution effective to provide 5 to 1000 parts per million by weight of an alkali metal borohydride, based on parts by weight of the alkanolamine; and 0.5 to 10,000 parts per million by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide, based on parts by weight of the alkanolamine; preferably wherein the color-reduced alkanolamine is not distilled after the contacting.

The exemplary arrangements relate to ammonium salts of partially fluorinated organic acids. The exemplary arrangements also relate to methods of synthesis of the ammonium salts of partially fluorinated organic acids. The exemplary arrangements also relate to methods of use of the ammonium salts of partially fluorinated organic acids to produce stabilizing emulsions of the oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil type. The exemplary arrangements also relate to methods of use and applications of the ammonium salts of partially fluorinated organic acids, for example use as stabilizing agents in blood substitute preparations.

Compounds are provided having the following structure: Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, G.sup.1, G.sup.2 and n are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided. ##STR00001##