A two-step one-pot process for reacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of a reactive organic fluid for instance a reactive solvent is provided. The first step comprises of contacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of a reactive fluid for instance a reactive solvent under inert atmosphere to produce unsaturated intermediates, and reacting the reaction mixture obtained in step 1 with hydrogen in the presence of a supported hydrogenation catalyst in a second step.

Compounds are provided that are useful as immunomodulators. The compounds have the following Formula (II):

##STR00001##

including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

Compounds are provided that are useful as immunomodulators. The compounds have the following Formula (II):

##STR00001##

including stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2a, R.sup.2b, R.sup.2c, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

The present invention specifically relates to novel salt and crystalline form of haloacetic acid and its process of preparation. The invention more particularly relates to novel crystalline form dichloroacetate tromethamine salt and its process of preparation. The present invention more specifically relates to the dichloroacetate tromethamine salt, its process and its use for the treatment of various diseases and/or disorders.

The present invention specifically relates to novel salt and crystalline form of haloacetic acid and its process of preparation. The invention more particularly relates to novel crystalline form dichloroacetate tromethamine salt and its process of preparation. The present invention more specifically relates to the dichloroacetate tromethamine salt, its process and its use for the treatment of various diseases and/or disorders.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is ethyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R is ethyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or amino acid conjugates thereof. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as FXR agonists.

An adhesive composition including a resin and electro-conductive material, wherein the electro-conductive material is an ammonium salt of fluorosulfonic acid having 5 or more carbon atoms shown by the general formula (1): (R.sup.1XZSO.sub.3.sup.).sub.n M.sup.n+ (1), wherein, R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by a heteroatom or optionally interposed by heteroatom; X represents any of a single bond, ether group, ester group, and amide group; Z represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, containing 1 to 6 fluorine atoms, and optionally containing a carbonyl group; M.sup.n+ represents a cation having one or two ammonium cation structures. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode with excellent electric conductivity, biocompatibility, and light weight, which manufactures at low cost and does not cause large lowering of the electric conductivity even when it is wetted with water or dried.

An adhesive composition including a resin and electro-conductive material, wherein the electro-conductive material is an ammonium salt of fluorosulfonic acid having 5 or more carbon atoms shown by the general formula (1): (R.sup.1XZSO.sub.3.sup.).sub.n M.sup.n+ (1), wherein, R.sup.1 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by a heteroatom or optionally interposed by heteroatom; X represents any of a single bond, ether group, ester group, and amide group; Z represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, containing 1 to 6 fluorine atoms, and optionally containing a carbonyl group; M.sup.n+ represents a cation having one or two ammonium cation structures. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode with excellent electric conductivity, biocompatibility, and light weight, which manufactures at low cost and does not cause large lowering of the electric conductivity even when it is wetted with water or dried.

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to click-functional antimicrobial molecules (including small molecules or, in some cases, macromolecules) and the construction of antimicrobial polymers such as polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyacrylates, including through the use of such molecules. In some cases, the antimicrobial click-functional molecules are based on 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), trimethylguanidine or tetramethylguanidine (TMG), polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), fluorine-containing molecules, or a combination thereof. For example, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) functionalized with an alkyne (BIT-Al), trimethylguanidine or tetramethylguanidine (TMG) functioned with an alkyne (TMG-Al) or dual alkynes (TMG-dAl), and/or polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) functionalized with an alkyne (PHMG-Al) are described herein. Clickable antimicrobial polymers can be used to form coatings or films.