The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethanolamines and/or ethyleneamines in the gas phase by reacting ethylene glycol with ammonia in the presence of an amination catalyst. It is a characteristic feature of the process that the amination catalyst is prepared by reducing a calcined catalyst precursor comprising an active composition, where the active composition comprises one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of the elements of groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and optionally one or more added catalyst elements selected group consisting of the metals and semimetals of groups 3 to 7 and 12 to 17, the element P and the rare earth elements. It is a further characteristic feature of the process that a catalyst precursor having low basicity is used, the low basicity being achieved in that a) the catalyst precursor is prepared by coprecipitation and the active composition additionally comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; or b) the catalyst precursor, as well as the active composition, additionally comprises a support material and is prepared by impregnating the support material or precipitative application onto the support material and the support material comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, Be, Ca, Ba and Sr or one or more minerals selected from the group consisting of hydrotalcite, chrysotile and sepiolite; or c) the catalyst precursor, as well as the active composition, additionally comprises a support material and is prepared by impregnating the support material or precipitative application onto the support material and the active composition of the catalyst support comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals; or d) the catalyst precursor is calcined at temperatures of 600 C. or more; or e) the catalyst precursor is prepared by a combination of variants a) and d) or by a combination of variants b) and d) or by a combination of variants c) and d).

The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethanolamines and/or ethyleneamines in the gas phase by reacting ethylene glycol with ammonia in the presence of an amination catalyst. It is a characteristic feature of the process that the amination catalyst is prepared by reducing a calcined catalyst precursor comprising an active composition, where the active composition comprises one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of the elements of groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and optionally one or more added catalyst elements selected group consisting of the metals and semimetals of groups 3 to 7 and 12 to 17, the element P and the rare earth elements. It is a further characteristic feature of the process that a catalyst precursor having low basicity is used, the low basicity being achieved in that a) the catalyst precursor is prepared by coprecipitation and the active composition additionally comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; or b) the catalyst precursor, as well as the active composition, additionally comprises a support material and is prepared by impregnating the support material or precipitative application onto the support material and the support material comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, Be, Ca, Ba and Sr or one or more minerals selected from the group consisting of hydrotalcite, chrysotile and sepiolite; or c) the catalyst precursor, as well as the active composition, additionally comprises a support material and is prepared by impregnating the support material or precipitative application onto the support material and the active composition of the catalyst support comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals; or d) the catalyst precursor is calcined at temperatures of 600 C. or more; or e) the catalyst precursor is prepared by a combination of variants a) and d) or by a combination of variants b) and d) or by a combination of variants c) and d).

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

The present disclosure is drawn to an amine synergist including a tertiary benzylamine with a substituted benzene ring attached to a tertiary amine. The tertiary amine can be modified with multiple water soluble groups.

The present disclosure relates to a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which can be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates in part to novel cationic lipids and their use, e.g., in delivering nucleic acids to cells.

Compositions for nucleic acid delivery are provided which comprise a relatively low amount a permanently cationic lipid or lipidoid, such as a lipid comprising a quaternary ammonium group. The compositions are suitable for the delivery of chemically modified or unmodified DNA or RNA. Moreover, the compositions are suitable for local administration, such as by extravascular injection.

N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, and drilling fluids containing N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine includes Formula (I):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a C or CH group; R.sup.3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are covalently connected to form a cyclic hydrocarbyl; and R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls or acyclic heterohydrocarbyls.

N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, and drilling fluids containing N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine includes Formula (I): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a C or CH group; R.sup.3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are covalently connected to form a cyclic hydrocarbyl; and R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls or acyclic heterohydrocarbyls.