The present disclosure provides water-based well treatment fluids for use in treating subterranean formations to prevent swelling and/or migration of fines. The water-based well treatment fluid contains an aqueous continuous phase, a clay stabilizing agent consisting of an alkylated polyetheramine and a weighting material. In addition to inhibiting swelling and/or migration, the water-based well treatment fluids are thermally stable, are toxicologically safe, and have exceptional handling properties.

The present invention relates to a cationic lipid having one or more biodegradable groups located in a lipidic moiety (e.g., a hydrophobic chain) of the cationic lipid. These cationic lipids may be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid. The invention also relates to lipid particles comprising a neutral lipid, a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, a cationic lipid of the present invention, and optionally, a sterol. The lipid particle may further include a therapeutic agent such as a nucleic acid.

The present invention relates to a cationic lipid having one or more biodegradable groups located in a lipidic moiety (e.g., a hydrophobic chain) of the cationic lipid. These cationic lipids may be incorporated into a lipid particle for delivering an active agent, such as a nucleic acid. The invention also relates to lipid particles comprising a neutral lipid, a lipid capable of reducing aggregation, a cationic lipid of the present invention, and optionally, a sterol. The lipid particle may further include a therapeutic agent such as a nucleic acid.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a pesticide, a surfactant and an alkoxylate. Moreover, the invention relates to a concentrate comprising the surfactant and the alkoxylate; and to a process for preparing the composition by bringing into contact the concentrate and a pesticide; or by bringing into contact the pesticide, the surfactant and the alkoxylate; and to the use of the surfactant by addition to a mixture comprising the pesticide and the alkoxylate. The invention furthermore relates to a method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesired vegetation and/or undesired insect or mite attack and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the respective pests, their environment or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, on the soil and/or on undesirable plants and/or the crop plants and/or their environment. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the composition.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a pesticide, a surfactant and an alkoxylate. Moreover, the invention relates to a concentrate comprising the surfactant and the alkoxylate; and to a process for preparing the composition by bringing into contact the concentrate and a pesticide; or by bringing into contact the pesticide, the surfactant and the alkoxylate; and to the use of the surfactant by addition to a mixture comprising the pesticide and the alkoxylate. The invention furthermore relates to a method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesired vegetation and/or undesired insect or mite attack and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the respective pests, their environment or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, on the soil and/or on undesirable plants and/or the crop plants and/or their environment. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the composition.

New cationic lipids are provided that are useful for delivering macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, into eukaryotic cells. The lipids can be used alone, in combination with other lipids and/or in combination with other transfection enhancing reagents to prepare transfection complexes.

New cationic lipids are provided that are useful for delivering macromolecules, such as nucleic acids, into eukaryotic cells. The lipids can be used alone, in combination with other lipids and/or in combination with other transfection enhancing reagents to prepare transfection complexes.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

Amines and amine derivatives that improve the buffering range, and/or reduce the chelation and other negative interactions of the buffer and the system to be buffered. The reaction of amines or polyamines with various molecules to form polyamines with differing pKa's will extend the buffering range, derivatives that result in polyamines that have the same pKa yields a greater buffering capacity. Derivatives that result in zwitterionic buffers improve yield by allowing a greater range of stability.

The present invention provides an ionic liquid or plastic crystal comprising an anion and a cation, the anion comprising [C(SO.sub.2F).sub.3].sup.−, and the cation comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMI].sup.+), N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium ([DEME].sup.+), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium ([Py.sub.13].sup.+), N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium ([PP.sub.13].sup.+), tetramethylammonium ([N.sub.1111].sup.+), tetraethylammonium ([N.sub.2222].sup.+), trimethylhexylammonium ([N.sub.6111].sup.+), triethylhexylammonium ([N.sub.6222].sup.+), N-methyl-ethylpyrrolidinium ([Py.sub.12].sup.+), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C.sub.4mim].sup.+), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C.sub.6mim].sup.+).