A spirobifluorene compound and a perovskite solar cell including the spirobifluorene compound are disclosed. More particularly, a spirobifluorene compound which can be used as a hole transport material of a perovskite solar cell is disclosed. A perovskite solar cell including the spirobifluorene compound as a hole transport material is further disclosed.

A spirobifluorene compound and a perovskite solar cell including the spirobifluorene compound are disclosed. More particularly, a spirobifluorene compound which can be used as a hole transport material of a perovskite solar cell is disclosed. A perovskite solar cell including the spirobifluorene compound as a hole transport material is further disclosed.

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

Provided is a novel aromatic amine derivative with specified structure. Also provided is an organic electroluminescence device having one or more organic thin-film layers including at least a luminescent layer interposed between a cathod and an anode, in which at least one of the organic thin-film layers contains the above aromatic amine derivative alone or as a component of mixture. As a result, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device that has high emission luminance and high heat resistance, excelling in high-temperature storage ability and has long life, and provided an aromatic amine derivative for realizing the organic electroluminescence device.

Provided is a novel aromatic amine derivative with specified structure. Also provided is an organic electroluminescence device having one or more organic thin-film layers including at least a luminescent layer interposed between a cathod and an anode, in which at least one of the organic thin-film layers contains the above aromatic amine derivative alone or as a component of mixture. As a result, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device that has high emission luminance and high heat resistance, excelling in high-temperature storage ability and has long life, and provided an aromatic amine derivative for realizing the organic electroluminescence device.

A compound having a chemical formula according to Formula (I) is disclosed where one of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is and one of the Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 that is bonded to a carbon atom that is adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to is P(AR.sub.1)(AR.sub.2). Metal-based catalyst and pre-catalysts, such as nickel-based catalysts and precatalysts, where the metal is complexed to the compound are also disclosed. Methods of forming C(sp2)-N bonds are also disclosed.

A compound having a chemical formula according to Formula (I) is disclosed where one of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is and one of the Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 that is bonded to a carbon atom that is adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to is P(AR.sub.1)(AR.sub.2). Metal-based catalyst and pre-catalysts, such as nickel-based catalysts and precatalysts, where the metal is complexed to the compound are also disclosed. Methods of forming C(sp2)-N bonds are also disclosed.

A compound having a chemical formula according to Formula (I) is disclosed where one of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is and one of the Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 that is bonded to a carbon atom that is adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to is P(AR.sub.1)(AR.sub.2). Metal-based catalyst and pre-catalysts, such as nickel-based catalysts and precatalysts, where the metal is complexed to the compound are also disclosed. Methods of forming C(sp2)-N bonds are also disclosed.

Provided is a novel aromatic amine derivative with specified structure. Also provided is an organic electroluminescence device having one or more organic thin-film layers including at least a luminescent layer interposed between a cathode and an anode, in which at least one of the organic thin-film layers contains the above aromatic amine derivative alone or as a component of mixture. As a result, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device that has high emission luminance and high heat resistance, excelling in high-temperature storage ability and has long life, and provided an aromatic amine derivative for realizing the organic electroluminescence device.