Provided is a novel nanoparticle, a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging containing the same, and a zwitterionic ligand compound used in production of the nanoparticle. The contrast agent for MRI of the present invention can be suitably used as a contrast agent for MRI in a medical field. The nanoparticle and the zwitterionic ligand compound of the present invention are applicable to various pharmaceutical compositions and the like, including a contrast agent for MRI, and can be used widely in the fields of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and the like, including various diagnosis methods and examination reagents.

The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

The present invention provides compounds of formula (I), ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sub.1 is unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; L.sub.a is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl linker, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 carbocycle, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl; or alternatively, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.

The present invention provides compounds of formula (I), ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sub.1 is unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; L.sub.a is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl linker, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 carbocycle, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl; or alternatively, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.

Described herein are methods of inducing an immune response directed towards preventing or reducing the risk of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a mammalian subject. The subject is administered an effective amount of a composition containing IgM antibodies directed to an epitope of an envelope protein of the HIV virus. Also disclosed here are vaccine compositions comprising IgM antibodies directed to one or more epitopes of one or more human immunodeficiency virus envelope proteins. Also disclosed are recombinant immunoglobulin M compositions containing a Fcγ fragment of an immunoglobulin G.

The present disclosure provides LPA antagonists, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds disclosed herein. Also provided are methods for treating LPA-associated diseases, disorders, and conditions.

The present disclosure provides LPA antagonists, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds disclosed herein. Also provided are methods for treating LPA-associated diseases, disorders, and conditions.

An aromatic vinyl compound and preparation method therefor, and intermediate, pharmaceutical composition, and application thereof. The aromatic vinyl compound is represented by formula I-0. The aromatic vinyl compound has a significant inhibitory effect on PD-1/PD-L1, has a higher drug peak concentration, a larger area under the drug concentration time curve, better oral bioavailability, is a type of extremely effective small molecule inhibitor for PD-1/PD-L1, and can effectively alleviate or treat cancer and a related disease.

##STR00001##

An aromatic vinyl compound and preparation method therefor, and intermediate, pharmaceutical composition, and application thereof. The aromatic vinyl compound is represented by formula I-0. The aromatic vinyl compound has a significant inhibitory effect on PD-1/PD-L1, has a higher drug peak concentration, a larger area under the drug concentration time curve, better oral bioavailability, is a type of extremely effective small molecule inhibitor for PD-1/PD-L1, and can effectively alleviate or treat cancer and a related disease.

##STR00001##