Compounds are provided having the following structure: Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, G.sup.1, G.sup.2 and n are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided. ##STR00001##

Methods for processing polynucleotide-containing biological samples, and materials for capturing polynucleotide molecules such as RNA and/or DNA from such samples. The RNA and/or DNA is captured by polyamindoamine (PAMAM (Generation 0)) bound to a surface, such as the surface of magnetic particles. The methods and materials have high efficiency of binding RNA and of DNA, and of release, and thereby permit quantitative determinations.

Methods for processing polynucleotide-containing biological samples, and materials for capturing polynucleotide molecules such as RNA and/or DNA from such samples. The RNA and/or DNA is captured by polyamindoamine (PAMAM (Generation 0)) bound to a surface, such as the surface of magnetic particles. The methods and materials have high efficiency of binding RNA and of DNA, and of release, and thereby permit quantitative determinations.

Low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additives and methods of using such additives to, for example, inhibit the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In some embodiments, introducing a low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive into a fluid including at least one component selected from the group consisting of: water, a gas, a liquid hydrocarbon, and any combination thereof, wherein the low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive includes at least one compound having the structural formula: wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 hydrocarbon chain, and wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of wherein R.sup.5 is a methyl or ethyl group, and any combination thereof.

##STR00001##

Low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additives and methods of using such additives to, for example, inhibit the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates are provided. In some embodiments, introducing a low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive into a fluid including at least one component selected from the group consisting of: water, a gas, a liquid hydrocarbon, and any combination thereof, wherein the low-dosage hydrate inhibitor additive includes at least one compound having the structural formula: wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon chain, wherein R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 hydrocarbon chain, and wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of wherein R.sup.5 is a methyl or ethyl group, and any combination thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components, such as neutral lipids, cholesterol and polymer conjugated lipids, to form lipid nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acid molecules) for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, including vaccination.

It is related to compounds used as autophagy modulators and a method for preparing and using the same, specifically providing a compound of general formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is a type of autophagy modulators, particularly mammalian ATG8 homologues modulators. ##STR00001##

Compounds are provided having the following structure:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R.sup.3, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, G.sup.1, G.sup.2 and G.sup.3 are as defined herein. Use of the compounds as a component of lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of a therapeutic agent, compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use and preparation are also provided.

The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.

The present disclosure related to compounds that can be useful as inhibitors of PD-1, PD-L1 or the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions of that can include a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and uses of or methods of using a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of PD-L1 related diseases including but not limited to liver diseases, cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, viral diseases, or hepatitis B.