The present invention relates to orally administrable modified-release pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising sodium (3S)-3-(4-chloro-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylbutanoyl]amino}phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoate and to processes for preparing the dosage forms and to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiac, renal and pulmonary disorders, disorders of the central nervous system, fibrotic and inflammatory disorders and metabolic disorders.

The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula IV, formula V, formula VI, formula VII, formula VIII, formula IX, formula X, formula XI, formula XII, formula XIII, formula XIV and formula XV or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These salts may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for oral administration, suppository, transdermal, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases or its associated complications.

The disclosures herein provide compounds of formula I, formula II, formula III, formula IV, formula V, formula VI, formula VII, formula VIII, formula IX, formula X, formula XI, formula XII, formula XIII, formula XIV and formula XV or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, enantiomers, stereoisomers, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These salts may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated for oral administration, suppository, transdermal, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases or its associated complications.

The invention relates to oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol (oleoyl-LPI) and new synthetic derivatives thereof and uses thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The invention provides activators and/or up-regulators of glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and more specifically to agonists, partial agonists and reverse antagonists of GPR119 or activators of GLP-1 activity and/or synthesis and/or secretion, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, uses thereof in therapy of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders.

The invention relates to oleoyl-lysophosphatidylinositol (oleoyl-LPI) and new synthetic derivatives thereof and uses thereof, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The invention provides activators and/or up-regulators of glucoregulatory hormones such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and more specifically to agonists, partial agonists and reverse antagonists of GPR119 or activators of GLP-1 activity and/or synthesis and/or secretion, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, uses thereof in therapy of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders.

The present invention relates to a novel and improved process for preparing (3S)-3-(4-chloro-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylbutanoyl]amino}phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid of the formula (I), to the compound of the formula (I) in crystalline form and to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary and cardiorenal disorders.

The present invention relates to a novel and improved process for preparing (3S)-3-(4-chloro-3-{[(2S,3R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-methylbutanoyl]amino}phenyl)-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid of the formula (I), to the compound of the formula (I) in crystalline form and to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary and cardiorenal disorders.

The present invention concerns novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for promoting nerve regeneration, particularly including sympathetic nerve regeneration in the heart following a myocardial infarction and damage to the central nervous system, such as after a cerebrovascular accident, through inhibitory extracellular matrix that includes chondroitin sulfate roteoglycans (CSPG).

The present invention concerns novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for promoting nerve regeneration, particularly including sympathetic nerve regeneration in the heart following a myocardial infarction and damage to the central nervous system, such as after a cerebrovascular accident, through inhibitory extracellular matrix that includes chondroitin sulfate roteoglycans (CSPG).

Provided is a method for sensing methyl salicylate, which is a plant hormone released when a plant is infected with a disease. One aspect of the present embodiment relates to a method for sensing methyl salicylate, including detecting a reaction product of a terbium-sulfoxide complex represented by the predetermined formula and methyl salicylate.