Described herein are compounds and compositions for the amelioration of arthritis or joint injuries by inducing mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes.

Described herein are compounds and compositions for the amelioration of arthritis or joint injuries by inducing mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes.

The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises a compound with solubilizing groups. This technology improves the solubility of the reaction components in the water-surfactant mixture and thereby, greatly increases the productivity and selectivity of the chemical reaction.

The present invention is directed to reaction mixtures comprising a water-surfactant mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises a compound with solubilizing groups. This technology improves the solubility of the reaction components in the water-surfactant mixture and thereby, greatly increases the productivity and selectivity of the chemical reaction.

The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X and Y are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, wherein the C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group may be substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, and Z and W are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group.

The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X and Y are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, wherein the C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group may be substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, and Z and W are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group.

The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (1):

##STR00001##

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X and Y are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, wherein the C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group may be substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, and Z and W are the same or different from each other and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group.

The present invention is generally directed towards compounds capable of binding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and modulating its activity, methods of treating inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease using such compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. Also provided are methods of increasing levels of IL-22 in a subject and/or decreasing levels of IFN-? in a subject.

The present invention is generally directed towards compounds capable of binding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and modulating its activity, methods of treating inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease using such compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. Also provided are methods of increasing levels of IL-22 in a subject and/or decreasing levels of IFN-? in a subject.

Benzylamino-oxoethyl benzamide compounds for use in treating diseases and conditions associated with abnormal cell function related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. For example, the compounds can be used as suppressors of ER stress-induced pancreatic ?-cell dysfunction and death, for example in the treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The compounds can also be used in treatments for chronic heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases, retinal degeneration, and other metabolic disorders associated with ER stress.