The present application provides ligands and fluorescent or luminescent complexes comprising these ligands.

The present application provides ligands and fluorescent or luminescent complexes comprising these ligands.

The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and liquid crystalline media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid crystalline displays, especially in liquid crystalline displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

The present invention relates to polymerizable compounds, to processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, to liquid-crystal media comprising them, and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and liquid crystalline media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid crystalline displays, especially in liquid crystalline displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

Small molecule calpain modulator compositions and pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared and used as therapeutic agents. Exemplary compositions include non-macrocyclic a-keto amide derivatives. The therarapeutic agents can be used for treating fibrotic disease or a resulting secondary disease state or condition. The small molecules can competitively bind with calpastatin and/or inhibit calpain through contact with CAPN1, CAPN2, and/or CAPN9 enzymes.

Phenyl rings provide a robust scaffold for molecular design, given the limited number of ring carbon atoms and the fixed geometry in between. However, it can be difficult to form highly substituted phenyl rings suitable for covalent attachment of multiple moieties thereto. Moreover, binding phenyl rings to a surface in a fixed geometry may be difficult. Hexasubstituted benzenes having certain structural features may alleviate the foregoing difficulties by providing versatile groups for further functionalization and surface attachment. Such hexasubstituted benzenes may have a structure of

##STR00001##

in which each X is independently Cl, Br or N.sub.3, and each Z is independently —CH(Br)CH.sub.3, —CH(N.sub.3)CH.sub.3, —CH═CH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SiR′.sub.3 (R′=hydrocarbyl), or

##STR00002##

Alternating groups in the hexasubstituted benzenes may be directed toward opposite faces of the phenyl ring, such that orthogonal reactive groups are directed toward the opposite faces. Certain groups may facilitate surface attachment of the hexasubstituted benzenes.

Phenyl rings provide a robust scaffold for molecular design, given the limited number of ring carbon atoms and the fixed geometry in between. However, it can be difficult to form highly substituted phenyl rings suitable for covalent attachment of multiple moieties thereto. Moreover, binding phenyl rings to a surface in a fixed geometry may be difficult. Hexasubstituted benzenes having certain structural features may alleviate the foregoing difficulties by providing versatile groups for further functionalization and surface attachment. Such hexasubstituted benzenes may have a structure of

##STR00001##

in which each X is independently Cl, Br or N.sub.3, and each Z is independently —CH(Br)CH.sub.3, —CH(N.sub.3)CH.sub.3, —CH═CH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2SiR′.sub.3 (R′=hydrocarbyl), or

##STR00002##

Alternating groups in the hexasubstituted benzenes may be directed toward opposite faces of the phenyl ring, such that orthogonal reactive groups are directed toward the opposite faces. Certain groups may facilitate surface attachment of the hexasubstituted benzenes.

A structure of the compound containing a diphenylmethane structure of the present invention is represented by General Formula (1). The compound containing a diphenylmethane structure of the present invention contains a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a substituted amino group, and an active group, and can be used as an amino acid or peptide C-terminal protection reagent. A peptide synthesis reaction using this protection carrier has a fast reaction speed and a high reagent utilization rate in a suitable solvent system; post-treatment is carried out by means of simple liquid-liquid extraction separation, i.e. effective purification can be carried out, and finally, a product with a high purity can be obtained; and during a synthesis process, the change in solubility is small and an operation process has a strong universality, and therefore, the present method can be developed into a universal production method.

A structure of the compound containing a diphenylmethane structure of the present invention is represented by General Formula (1). The compound containing a diphenylmethane structure of the present invention contains a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a substituted amino group, and an active group, and can be used as an amino acid or peptide C-terminal protection reagent. A peptide synthesis reaction using this protection carrier has a fast reaction speed and a high reagent utilization rate in a suitable solvent system; post-treatment is carried out by means of simple liquid-liquid extraction separation, i.e. effective purification can be carried out, and finally, a product with a high purity can be obtained; and during a synthesis process, the change in solubility is small and an operation process has a strong universality, and therefore, the present method can be developed into a universal production method.

The present invention provides processes and key intermediates for the synthesis of (S)-5-amino-3-(4-((5-fluoro-2-methoxybenzamido)methyl)phenyl)-1-(1,1,1-trifluoro-propane-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide:

##STR00001##