Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the integrated stress response (ISR) and for treating related diseases; disorders and conditions.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

Disclosed herein are polymorphic and amorphous forms of anhydrate, hydrate, and solvates of (R)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)butanamide and methods of using such compositions for treating or suppressing oxidative stress disorders, including mitochondrial disorders, impaired energy processing disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and diseases of aging. Further disclosed are methods of making such polymorphic and amorphous forms.

The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing various physiologically active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as a 1,1-diaryl compound and a 1,1-diheteroaryl compound (specifically, a 1,1-diaryl carbonyl compound), in an economical and convenient manner under mild conditions without using an expensive transition metal catalyst by activating an alkyne compound (e.g., an ynamide) using a Brnsted acid as a catalyst to induce a reaction of the activated alkyne compound and a NO bond oxidant to form an adduct intermediate and then inducing a coupling reaction of the adduct intermediate with various nucleophilic organic compounds (e.g., a nucleophilic arene compound).

The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing various physiologically active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as a 1,1-diaryl compound and a 1,1-diheteroaryl compound (specifically, a 1,1-diaryl carbonyl compound), in an economical and convenient manner under mild conditions without using an expensive transition metal catalyst by activating an alkyne compound (e.g., an ynamide) using a Brnsted acid as a catalyst to induce a reaction of the activated alkyne compound and a NO bond oxidant to form an adduct intermediate and then inducing a coupling reaction of the adduct intermediate with various nucleophilic organic compounds (e.g., a nucleophilic arene compound).

Compounds, compositions, and formulations, and accompanying methods useful for treating disorders arising from oxidative DNA damage, including oxidative DNA damage resulting from ionizing radiation or other therapy are described herein.

Compounds, compositions, and formulations, and accompanying methods useful for treating disorders arising from oxidative DNA damage, including oxidative DNA damage resulting from ionizing radiation or other therapy are described herein.