A nonaqueous electrolyte battery electrode according to an embodiment includes a current collector and a mixed layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of the current collector. The mixed layer includes an active material and a binding agent. The ratio I.sub.2/I.sub.1 of the highest peak intensity I.sub.2 in peaks appearing in the wavelength range of 1400 to 1480 cm.sup.1 to the highest peak intensity I.sub.1 in peaks appearing in the wavelength range of 2200 to 2280 cm.sup.1 is 10 or more and 20 or less in an infrared absorption spectrum measured according to a total reflection measurement method. Alternatively, in the mixed layer, the ratio I.sub.3/I.sub.2 of the highest peak intensity I.sub.3 in peaks appearing in the wavelength range of 1650 to 1850 cm.sup.1 to the highest peak intensity I.sub.2 in peaks appearing in the wavelength range of 1400 to 1480 cm.sup.1 is 0.1 or more and 0.8 or less in an infrared absorption spectrum measured according to a total reflection measurement method.

Disclosed herein is a method useful in the process of contacting a first product that includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol with the catalyst composition, thereby producing a second product that includes acrolein and acetaldehyde.

Disclosed herein is a method useful in the process of contacting a first product that includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol with the catalyst composition, thereby producing a second product that includes acrolein and acetaldehyde.

Disclosed herein is a method useful in the process of contacting a first product that includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol with the catalyst composition, thereby producing a second product that includes acrolein and acetaldehyde.

The present disclosure relates generally to catalyst materials and processes for making and using them. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to molybdenum, bismuth and iron-containing metal oxide catalyst materials useful, for example, in the partial oxidation or ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene, processes for making them, and processes for making acrolein, methacrolein, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile using such catalysts.

The present disclosure relates generally to catalyst materials and processes for making and using them. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to molybdenum, bismuth and iron-containing metal oxide catalyst materials useful, for example, in the partial oxidation or ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene, processes for making them, and processes for making acrolein, methacrolein, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile using such catalysts.

The present disclosure relates generally to catalyst materials and processes for making and using them. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to molybdenum, bismuth and iron-containing metal oxide catalyst materials useful, for example, in the partial oxidation or ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene, processes for making them, and processes for making acrolein, methacrolein, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile using such catalysts.

The present disclosure relates generally to catalyst materials and processes for making and using them. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to molybdenum, bismuth and iron-containing metal oxide catalyst materials useful, for example, in the partial oxidation or ammoxidation of propylene or isobutylene, processes for making them, and processes for making acrolein, methacrolein, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile using such catalysts.

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes polymerizing a nitrile with an acrylate ester to form a copolymer, in a mixture that includes water and an alcohol (R.sub.2OH), according to the following reaction

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where R.sub.1 includes at least one of a first aliphatic group or hydrogen, R.sub.2 comprises at least one of a second aliphatic group or hydrogen, 100m4000, and 1n4000. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the mixture may be an emulsion.

An electrochemical acrylonitrile sensor comprises a housing, an electrolyte disposed within the housing, and a plurality of electrodes in contact with the electrolyte within the housing. The plurality of electrodes comprises a working electrode and a counter electrode. The electrodes comprise a catalytic material, which may comprise gold. A potential is applied between the counter electrode and the working electrode.