The present invention relates to a polyisocyanate composition comprising, on the basis of the total mass of the polyisocyanate composition, 97 mass % or more of a polyisocyanate; and 2.0 mass ppm to 1.010.sup.4 mass ppm of a compound represented by the formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic group having 6 to 70 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an aromatic ring, a is an integer of 1 to 5, b is an integer of 0 to 4, and the sum of a and b is 2 to 5.

The present invention relates to a polyisocyanate composition comprising, on the basis of the total mass of the polyisocyanate composition, 97 weight % or more of a polyisocyanate, and 2.0 mass ppm or more and 1.010.sup.4 mass ppm or less of a compound having at least one unsaturated bond in which the compound is a different compound from the polyisocyanate, or 5.0 mass ppm or more and 2.010.sup.4 mass ppm or less of at least one inactive compound selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon compound, an ether compound, a sulfide compound, a halogenated hydrocarbon compound, a Si-containing hydrocarbon compound, a Si-containing ether compound, and a Si-containing sulfide compound.

The present invention relates to a polyisocyanate composition comprising, on the basis of the total mass of the polyisocyanate composition, 97 weight % or more of a polyisocyanate, and 2.0 mass ppm or more and 1.010.sup.4 mass ppm or less of a compound having at least one unsaturated bond in which the compound is a different compound from the polyisocyanate, or 5.0 mass ppm or more and 2.010.sup.4 mass ppm or less of at least one inactive compound selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon compound, an ether compound, a sulfide compound, a halogenated hydrocarbon compound, a Si-containing hydrocarbon compound, a Si-containing ether compound, and a Si-containing sulfide compound.

The present invention relates to a reaction method comprising a step of supplying a liquid containing at least one raw material compound and a low-boiling compound having a standard boiling point lower than a standard boiling point of the raw material compound to a flow channel, a step of heating the liquid to produce a liquid reaction product and a gas component by a reaction of the raw material compound, and a step of separating a liquid phase containing the reaction product from a gas phase containing the gas component and the low-boiling compound.

The present invention relates to a reaction method comprising a step of supplying a liquid containing at least one raw material compound and a low-boiling compound having a standard boiling point lower than a standard boiling point of the raw material compound to a flow channel, a step of heating the liquid to produce a liquid reaction product and a gas component by a reaction of the raw material compound, and a step of separating a liquid phase containing the reaction product from a gas phase containing the gas component and the low-boiling compound.

The present invention relates to a reaction method comprising a step of supplying a liquid containing at least one raw material compound and a low-boiling compound having a standard boiling point lower than a standard boiling point of the raw material compound to a flow channel, a step of heating the liquid to produce a liquid reaction product and a gas component by a reaction of the raw material compound, and a step of separating a liquid phase containing the reaction product from a gas phase containing the gas component and the low-boiling compound.

Disclosed herein are prodrugs of tapinarof and pharmaceutical formulations comprising tarpinarof, such as oral formulations. Further disclosed herein are methods for treating diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, eye, lung, and bone joints via the tapinarof prodrugs.

Disclosed herein are prodrugs of tapinarof and pharmaceutical formulations comprising tarpinarof, such as oral formulations. Further disclosed herein are methods for treating diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, eye, lung, and bone joints via the tapinarof prodrugs.

Radioisotope-labeled small molecule activity-based probes that target the cancer associated serine hydrolase neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) are described. The probes can undergo a reaction with the NCEH1, resulting in covalent bonding of a portion of the probe molecule to the NCEH1. Also described are methods of labeling NCEH1 in biological samples, such as cells or tissue, and methods of visualizing tumors using the radioisotope-labeled NCEH1 probes as tracer compounds, either alone or in combination with assessing the efficacy of a cancer treatment or potential cancer treatment.

Provided herein, inter alia, are compounds and methods useful for modulating the translational effects of eIF2 phosphorylation, the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), and the unfolded protein response (UPR); for treating diseases; for increasing protein production, and for improving long-term memory.