A method of producing an N,N-disubstituted amide of the present invention is a method of reacting a nitrile with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the nitrile is a compound represented by R.sup.1CN (R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms or an aryl group having 10 or less carbon atoms), wherein the alcohol is a compound represented by R.sup.2OH (R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms), wherein the catalyst is a metal salt represented by MXn (M represents a metal cation having an oxidation number of n, X represents a monovalent anion including a substituted sulfonyl group represented by —S(═O).sub.2—R.sup.3 (R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 10 or less carbon atoms or a group in which some or all of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon group are substituted with fluorine atoms), and n represents an integer of 1 to 4), a substituent bonded to a carbon atom in a carbonyl group of the N,N-disubstituted amide is R.sup.1, and two substituents bonded to nitrogen atoms in an amide group are both R.sup.2.

Acid addition salt of apomorphine glycolate, acid addition salt of apomorphine sulfamate, and acid addition salt of apomorphine isobutyrate salts are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions (e.g., unit dosage forms, e.g., films) containing acid addition salt of apomorphine glycolate, acid addition salt of apomorphine sulfamate, or acid addition salt of apomorphine isobutyrate. Further disclosed are methods of use of acid addition salt of apomorphine glycolate, acid addition salt of apomorphine sulfamate, or acid addition salt of apomorphine isobutyrate.

A photoacid generator (PAG) and a photoresist composition, the PAG being represented by the following Chemical Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein, in Chemical Formula (I), L is sulfur (S) or iodine (I), R.sub.3 being omitted when L is I; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently a C1 to C10 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and L, or a C6 to C18 aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and L; AL is an acid-labile group; m is 1 to 4; and M is a C1 to C30 hydrocarbon group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and a sulfur atom.

A photoacid generator (PAG) and a photoresist composition, the PAG being represented by the following Chemical Formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein, in Chemical Formula (I), L is sulfur (S) or iodine (I), R.sub.3 being omitted when L is I; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently a C1 to C10 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and L, or a C6 to C18 aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and L; AL is an acid-labile group; m is 1 to 4; and M is a C1 to C30 hydrocarbon group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and a sulfur atom.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for determining the absolute configuration of D/L-cysteine and/or the enantiomeric composition of cysteine and/or the concentration of total cysteine in a sample. Uses of the composition and method are also described.

Methods and systems for preparing and preserving biological samples are disclosed herein. A method comprises contacting a preserving agent with a biological sample to form a mixture, wherein the preserving agent is selected from at least one of a metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulant or a precursor forming a MOF encapsulant, and wherein the biological sample comprises at least one target analyte. A system comprises a preserving agent selected from at least one of a metal-organic framework (MOF) encapsulant or a precursor forming a MOF encapsulant; and a substrate configured to receive a drop cast mixture of the preserving agent and a biological sample, wherein the biological sample comprises at least one target analyte.

The present invention provides a salt form and compositions thereof, which are useful as an inhibitor of EGFR kinases and which exhibits desirable characteristics for the same.

The present invention provides a salt form and compositions thereof, which are useful as an inhibitor of EGFR kinases and which exhibits desirable characteristics for the same.

Disclosed are stemospironine salts of Formula 1: wherein HX represents HCl, HBr, L-tartaric acid, D-tartaric acid, sulfuric acid, (+)-(1S)-10-camphorsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid and ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid. This invention also provides crystalline polymorph forms of the compound of Formula 1 wherein HX is HCl, stemospironine hydrochloride. This invention also provides a new crystalline form of the compound of Formula 2, stemospironine free base: Also disclosed are compositions containing one or more compounds of Formula 1, methods for controlling cough comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, and methods for preparing compounds of Formula 1. Also disclosed is a method for preparing crystalline stemospironine hydrochloride polymorph Form II from stemospironine hydrochloride polymorph Form I.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are stemospironine salts of Formula 1: wherein HX represents HCl, HBr, L-tartaric acid, D-tartaric acid, sulfuric acid, (+)-(1S)-10-camphorsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid and ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid. This invention also provides crystalline polymorph forms of the compound of Formula 1 wherein HX is HCl, stemospironine hydrochloride. This invention also provides a new crystalline form of the compound of Formula 2, stemospironine free base: Also disclosed are compositions containing one or more compounds of Formula 1, methods for controlling cough comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1, and methods for preparing compounds of Formula 1. Also disclosed is a method for preparing crystalline stemospironine hydrochloride polymorph Form II from stemospironine hydrochloride polymorph Form I.

##STR00001##