Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

The present disclosure provides derivatives of amino acids that have branched alkyl structures and surface-active properties. The amino acid can be naturally-occurring or synthetic, or they may be obtained via a ring-opening reaction of a lactam, such as caprolactam. The amino acid may be functionalized to form a compound that is surface-active and have advantageous surfactant characteristics. The compounds of the present disclosure have low critical micelle concentrations (CMC) as well as superior ability to lower the surface tension of a liquid.

The present disclosure provides derivatives of amino acids that have branched alkyl structures and surface-active properties. The amino acid can be naturally-occurring or synthetic, or they may be obtained via a ring-opening reaction of a lactam, such as caprolactam. The amino acid may be functionalized to form a compound that is surface-active and have advantageous surfactant characteristics. The compounds of the present disclosure have low critical micelle concentrations (CMC) as well as superior ability to lower the surface tension of a liquid.

The present disclosure provides derivatives of amino acids that have branched alkyl structures and surface-active properties. The amino acid can be naturally-occurring or synthetic, or they may be obtained via a ring-opening reaction of a lactam, such as caprolactam. The amino acid may be functionalized to form a compound that is surface-active and have advantageous surfactant characteristics. The compounds of the present disclosure have low critical micelle concentrations (CMC) as well as superior ability to lower the surface tension of a liquid.

The present disclosure provides derivatives of amino acids that have branched alkyl structures and surface-active properties. The amino acid can be naturally-occurring or synthetic, or they may be obtained via a ring-opening reaction of a lactam, such as caprolactam. The amino acid may be functionalized to form a compound that is surface-active and have advantageous surfactant characteristics. The compounds of the present disclosure have low critical micelle concentrations (CMC) as well as superior ability to lower the surface tension of a liquid.

Nucleophile-reactive sulfonated compounds used as precursors to (radio)labelled (bio) molecules are produced by pre-introduction of a nucleophilic compound R* through an unusual nucleophile-induced ring-opening reaction of the sultone moiety of the precursor. The precursors and compounds conformconform.torespective formulae (Ip) and (I):

##STR00001##

Also disclosed are methods for producing these precursors and compounds, as well as for conjugation of these compounds with (bio)molecules, and to the drugs obtained by this method.

Nucleophile-reactive sulfonated compounds used as precursors to (radio)labelled (bio) molecules are produced by pre-introduction of a nucleophilic compound R* through an unusual nucleophile-induced ring-opening reaction of the sultone moiety of the precursor. The precursors and compounds conformconform.torespective formulae (Ip) and (I):

##STR00001##

Also disclosed are methods for producing these precursors and compounds, as well as for conjugation of these compounds with (bio)molecules, and to the drugs obtained by this method.

Nucleophile-reactive sulfonated compounds used as precursors to (radio)labelled (bio)molecules are produced by pre-introduction of a nucleophilic compound R* through an unusual nucleophile-induced ring-opening reaction of the sultone moiety of the precursor. The precursors and compounds conform to respective formulae (Ip) and (I): ##STR00001##
Also disclosed are methods for producing these precursors and compounds, as well as for conjugation of these compounds with (bio)molecules, and to the drugs obtained by this method.

Nucleophile-reactive sulfonated compounds used as precursors to (radio)labelled (bio)molecules are produced by pre-introduction of a nucleophilic compound R* through an unusual nucleophile-induced ring-opening reaction of the sultone moiety of the precursor. The precursors and compounds conform to respective formulae (Ip) and (I): ##STR00001##
Also disclosed are methods for producing these precursors and compounds, as well as for conjugation of these compounds with (bio)molecules, and to the drugs obtained by this method.