Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

A photoacid-generating compound has the structure ##STR00001##
wherein m, n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, and Z.sup. are defined herein. The photoacid-generating compound exhibits strong absorption and chemical sensitivity to extreme ultraviolet radiation, while also absorbing longer wavelengths with desirably reduced chemical sensitivity. Also described are a polymer incorporating the residue of a polymerizable version of the photoacid-generating compound, a photoresist composition that includes the photoacid-generating compound, the polymer, or a combination thereof, and a method of forming a photoresist relief image using the photoresist composition.

A photoacid-generating compound has the structure ##STR00001##
wherein m, n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, and Z.sup. are defined herein. The photoacid-generating compound exhibits strong absorption and chemical sensitivity to extreme ultraviolet radiation, while also absorbing longer wavelengths with desirably reduced chemical sensitivity. Also described are a polymer incorporating the residue of a polymerizable version of the photoacid-generating compound, a photoresist composition that includes the photoacid-generating compound, the polymer, or a combination thereof, and a method of forming a photoresist relief image using the photoresist composition.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

Provided herein are reactor systems and processes for producing organic acids directly from beta-lactones. Such reactor systems and processes involve the use of a heterogeneous catalyst, such as a zeolite at vapor phase conditions. The reactor systems and processes may use a fixed bed, moving bed or fluidized contacting zone as reactor configurations.

A photoacid-generating compound has the structure

##STR00001##

wherein m, n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X, Y, and Z.sup. are defined herein. The photoacid-generating compound exhibits strong absorption and chemical sensitivity to extreme ultraviolet radiation, while also absorbing longer wavelengths with desirably reduced chemical sensitivity. Also described are a polymer incorporating the residue of a polymerizable version of the photoacid-generating compound, a photoresist composition that includes the photoacid-generating compound, the polymer, or a combination thereof, and a method of forming a photoresist relief image using the photoresist composition.

The present invention discloses polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid and a 5 hydrocarbon fuel additive composition comprising the same. The said polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid is made by mixing a sulphonyl oleic acid with at least one polyethyleneamine. Wherein, the sulphonyl oleic acid is selected from at least one of (9Z)-8-sulfo-octadec-9-enoic acid or (9Z)-11-sulfo-octadec-9-enoic acid. The at least one polyethyleneamine is selected from triethylenetetramine (TETA), or diethylenetriamine 0 (DETA), pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1,1,1-Tris(aminomethyl)ethane, or cyclen. The hydrocarbon fuel additive composition is made of polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid and a cosolvent system consisting of sulphonyl oleic acid and dioxane. Wherein, the said hydrocarbon fuel additive composition acts as a dual functional additive and synergistically improves the conductivity as well as 5 lubricity of a hydrotreated diesel fuel.

The present invention discloses polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid and a 5 hydrocarbon fuel additive composition comprising the same. The said polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid is made by mixing a sulphonyl oleic acid with at least one polyethyleneamine. Wherein, the sulphonyl oleic acid is selected from at least one of (9Z)-8-sulfo-octadec-9-enoic acid or (9Z)-11-sulfo-octadec-9-enoic acid. The at least one polyethyleneamine is selected from triethylenetetramine (TETA), or diethylenetriamine 0 (DETA), pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 1,1,1-Tris(aminomethyl)ethane, or cyclen. The hydrocarbon fuel additive composition is made of polyethyleneamine salts of sulphonyl oleic acid and a cosolvent system consisting of sulphonyl oleic acid and dioxane. Wherein, the said hydrocarbon fuel additive composition acts as a dual functional additive and synergistically improves the conductivity as well as 5 lubricity of a hydrotreated diesel fuel.

The present invention relates to an implantable material having at least one external surface grafted with a film including carboxylate and sulfonate functions wherein the film is simultaneously synthesized and grafted directly on the external surface by radical reaction of a bifunctional adhesion primer of Formula (I) or by radical reaction of an adhesion primer and a bifunctional polymerizable monomer of Formula (II). ##STR00001## The invention also relates to a process for directly synthesizing and grafting of a film according to the invention onto at least one external surface of an implantable material. The invention further relates to the use of a grafted implantable material for the manufacture of an antiproliferative and/or antibacterial implantable medical device. The invention also relates to compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II).