A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt capable of generating sulfonic acid bonded to iodized benzene ring offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt capable of generating sulfonic acid bonded to iodized benzene ring offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a compound comprising two phenyl groups by reacting a bisfuranic compound with a dienophile; and to such compounds.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a compound comprising two phenyl groups by reacting a bisfuranic compound with a dienophile; and to such compounds.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a compound comprising two phenyl groups by reacting a bisfuranic compound with a dienophile; and to such compounds.

A nonlinear light absorption material includes a compound represented by the following formula (1) as a main component:

##STR00001##

in the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogenated alkyl group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aldehyde group, an acyl group, an amide group, a nitrile group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a thiol group, an alkylthio group, a sulfonate group, an acylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a sulfonamide group, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, or a nitro group.

A nonlinear light absorption material includes a compound represented by the following formula (1) as a main component:

##STR00001##

in the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a saturated hydrocarbon group, a halogenated alkyl group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aldehyde group, an acyl group, an amide group, a nitrile group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a thiol group, an alkylthio group, a sulfonate group, an acylthio group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a sulfonamide group, a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, a tertiary amino group, or a nitro group.

Crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds. The molecular framework is formed from guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions and the guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions are associated via one or more hydrogen bond. The small molecule(s) is/are encapsulated by the molecular framework. Methods for making crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds may include combining guanidinium cations, organosulfonate anions, and small molecules in a single step. The crystalline molecular framework:small molecule compounds can be used to determine the structure of the small molecule(s).

Described herein are anionic phenylene oligomers and polymers, and devices including these materials. The oligomers and polymers can be prepared in a convenient and well-controlled manner, and can be used in cation exchange membranes. Also described is the controlled synthesis of anionic phenylene monomers and their use in synthesizing anionic oligomers and polymers, with precise control of the position and number of anionic groups.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a compound comprising two phenyl groups by reacting a bisfuranic compound with a dienophile; and to such compounds.