The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

The present invention relates to novel lignin-derived compounds and compositions comprising the same and their use as redox flow battery electrolytes. The invention further provides a method for preparing said compounds and compositions as well as a redox flow battery comprising said compounds and compositions. Additionally, an assembly for carrying out the inventive method is provided.

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt capable of generating sulfonic acid bonded to iodized benzene ring offers a high sensitivity and minimal LWR independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

A hydrocarbyl tetralin polyethersulfonate, preparation method therefor and use thereof are provided. The hydrocarbyl tetralin polyethersulfonate is of formula (I-0),

##STR00001##

The hydrocarbyl tetralin polyethersulfonate has a high surface and interface activity, can be used in an oil reservoir exploitation, especially in a high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoir exploitation, to improve crude oil recovery.

Provided herein are a reversibly reducible material and a method of forming a reversibly reducible material. The reversibly reducible material includes the molecular formula:

##STR00001##

wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, O-alkyl, amine, quaternary ammonium, and sulfonate; R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and amine; X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, branched or un-branched alkyl chain having 1-8 atoms containing 0-3 oxygen or nitrogen atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and Z is selected from the group consisting of branched or un-branched alkyl chain having 1-8 atoms containing 0-3 oxygen or nitrogen atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl. The method of forming a reversibly reducible material comprising reacting a quinone with an amine in an ethereal solvent. Also provided herein is a negolyte.

Provided herein are a reversibly reducible material and a method of forming a reversibly reducible material. The reversibly reducible material includes the molecular formula:

##STR00001##

wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, O-alkyl, amine, quaternary ammonium, and sulfonate; R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and amine; X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, branched or un-branched alkyl chain having 1-8 atoms containing 0-3 oxygen or nitrogen atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and Z is selected from the group consisting of branched or un-branched alkyl chain having 1-8 atoms containing 0-3 oxygen or nitrogen atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl. The method of forming a reversibly reducible material comprising reacting a quinone with an amine in an ethereal solvent. Also provided herein is a negolyte.

Isosulfan blue and processes for the preparation thereof are provided. A process is also provided for preparation of the intermediate, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid, sodium salt of formula (2), used in the preparation thereof and a procedure for the isolation of benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, di-sodium salt of the formula (3). Also provided is a process for the preparation of an isoleuco acid of formula (4), which upon oxidation gives rise to isosulfan blue of pharmaceutical grade which can be used for preparation of pharmaceutical formulations. The isolation and purification procedures provided in the process provide substantially pure isosulfan blue with HPLC purity 99.5% or greater.

Isosulfan blue and processes for the preparation thereof are provided. A process is also provided for preparation of the intermediate, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid, sodium salt of formula (2), used in the preparation thereof and a procedure for the isolation of benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, di-sodium salt of the formula (3). Also provided is a process for the preparation of an isoleuco acid of formula (4), which upon oxidation gives rise to isosulfan blue of pharmaceutical grade which can be used for preparation of pharmaceutical formulations. The isolation and purification procedures provided in the process provide substantially pure isosulfan blue with HPLC purity 99.5% or greater.

The present invention provides a titanium ligand-modified black phosphorus and the preparation method and use thereof. The titanium ligand-modified black phosphorus is a complex of black phosphorus and a titanium ligand having a structure represented by formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein in the formula (I), R.sub.1 comprises C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, or phenyl optionally further substituted with 0 to 5 groups each independently selected from halogen atom, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, nitro, hydroxy, amino or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkoxy; the C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkoxy is optionally further substituted with 0 to 3 groups each independently selected from halogen atom, nitro, hydroxy, amino, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl. The titanium ligand-modified black phosphorus of the present invention is not likely oxidized without changing inherent properties of the black phosphorus, and the antioxidant capacity is greatly enhanced.

A bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst is provided. The bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst is represented by formula (1):
M.sup.(1).sub.xM.sup.(2).sub.yO.sub.zS.sub.(1), wherein in formula (1), M.sup.(1) includes Copper (Cu) and M.sup.(2) includes monovalent Silver (Ag), divalent Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Tin (Sn.sup.II), trivalent Indium (In), Cerium (Ce), Antimony (Sb), and Gallium (Ga), tetravalent Tin (Sn.sup.IV), or pentavalent Molybdenum (Mo), 0<y<0.3, 0.7<x<1.0, 0<z<0.5, and 0.5<<1.0. In addition, a manufacturing method of the bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst and applications of the bimetal oxysulfide solid-solution catalyst are also provided.