The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F:

##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently H, SF.sub.5, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), C(═S)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 halocycloalkoxy, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfonyl, or phenyl; or two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 on adjacent ring atoms may be taken together to form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S, and up to 3 N, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(═O) and C(═S) and such ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 haloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 halocycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylcarbonyl and C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkylcarbonyl; and M is an inorganic cation or organic cation.

The present invention discloses a N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether sulfonate anionic Gemini surfactant and the synthesis method thereof. It has a structural formula of:

##STR00001## and is prepared in a two-step reaction comprising: S1. subjecting 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether and bromododecane to an amine alkylation reaction to obtain N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether; and S2. sulfonating the N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce the target product, N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether sulfonate. The surfactant of the present invention has a high surface activity and can be synthesized with a simple procedure under mild reaction conditions, and can be easily separated and purified. The surfactant of the present invention is promising in applications for alkaline/surfactant in tertiary oil recovery, for polymer/surfactant binary compound flooding, alkaline/surfactant/polymer tertiary compound flooding, microemulsion emulsifier, and the like, and may also be compounded with common surfactants to lower the cost, thereby enabling its application in a large scale.

The present invention discloses a N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether sulfonate anionic Gemini surfactant and the synthesis method thereof. It has a structural formula of:

##STR00001## and is prepared in a two-step reaction comprising: S1. subjecting 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether and bromododecane to an amine alkylation reaction to obtain N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether; and S2. sulfonating the N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce the target product, N,N,N,N-tetradodecyl-substituted diphenyl ether sulfonate. The surfactant of the present invention has a high surface activity and can be synthesized with a simple procedure under mild reaction conditions, and can be easily separated and purified. The surfactant of the present invention is promising in applications for alkaline/surfactant in tertiary oil recovery, for polymer/surfactant binary compound flooding, alkaline/surfactant/polymer tertiary compound flooding, microemulsion emulsifier, and the like, and may also be compounded with common surfactants to lower the cost, thereby enabling its application in a large scale.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F: ##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently H, SFs, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), C(S)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 halocycloalkoxy, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfonyl, or phenyl; or two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 on adjacent ring atoms may be taken together to form a 5-to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S, and up to 3 N, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(O) and C(S) and such ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 haloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 halocycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylcarbonyl and C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkylcarbonyl; and M is an inorganic cation or organic cation.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F: ##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently H, SFs, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), C(S)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 halocycloalkoxy, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfonyl, or phenyl; or two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 on adjacent ring atoms may be taken together to form a 5-to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S, and up to 3 N, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(O) and C(S) and such ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 haloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 halocycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylcarbonyl and C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkylcarbonyl; and M is an inorganic cation or organic cation.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F:

##STR00001##

wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently H, SF.sub.5, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), C(?S)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 halocycloalkoxy, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfonyl, or phenyl; or

two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 on adjacent ring atoms may be taken together to form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S, and up to 3 N, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(?O) and C(?S) and such ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 haloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 halocycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylcarbonyl and C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkylcarbonyl; and

M is an inorganic cation or organic cation.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F:

##STR00001##

wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently H, SF.sub.5, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), C(?S)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 halocycloalkoxy, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfonyl, or phenyl; or

two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 on adjacent ring atoms may be taken together to form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S, and up to 3 N, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(?O) and C(?S) and such ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 haloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 halocycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylcarbonyl and C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkylcarbonyl; and

M is an inorganic cation or organic cation.

Provided is a compound which accelerates the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by an oxidase. The present invention provides an oxidase reaction accelerating agent comprising a compound represented by formula (I) and a method using the same.

The present disclosure provides processes for preparing a compound of formula (I) from a compound of formula (II) via two steps: 6a) contacting 2-(aminooxy)ethanol (i.e., formula (K)) or a salt thereof (e.g., formula (K-1)), with abase and a silylating agent to form a first mixture including an O-silyl protected compound of formula (K); and 6b) adding a second mixture including a compound of formula (II) or a salt therefore, to the first mixture of step 6a) to form the compound represented by formula (I): The present processes only utilize less than 1.5 equivalents of 2-(aminooxy)ethanol or the salt thereof relative to the compound of formula (II), and therefore reduce the burden to remove excess 2-(aminooxy)ethanol on a large manufacturing scale. Also provided are processes for preparing the compound of formula (K) or (K-1).

The present disclosure provides processes for preparing a compound of formula (I) from a compound of formula (II) via two steps: 6a) contacting 2-(aminooxy)ethanol (i.e., formula (K)) or a salt thereof (e.g., formula (K-1)), with abase and a silylating agent to form a first mixture including an O-silyl protected compound of formula (K); and 6b) adding a second mixture including a compound of formula (II) or a salt therefore, to the first mixture of step 6a) to form the compound represented by formula (I): The present processes only utilize less than 1.5 equivalents of 2-(aminooxy)ethanol or the salt thereof relative to the compound of formula (II), and therefore reduce the burden to remove excess 2-(aminooxy)ethanol on a large manufacturing scale. Also provided are processes for preparing the compound of formula (K) or (K-1).