The invention relates to novel hydrazide-based templates, methods of making the same, and methods of using the hydrazide-based templates as molecular scaffolds for asymmetric light driven transformations, light driven material synthesis, and biological applications. Furthermore, the present invention relates to photoinitiators, monomers, and polymers derived from biomass, together with methods and methods of using the same.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I): (I) or a salt thereof, wherein: X is —CH.sub.2— or —C(O)—; R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2; L is a bond, —CH.sub.2—, or —C(O)—; R.sub.2 is n-C.sub.6-8 alkyl; each R.sub.3 is independently selected from Cl and —CH.sub.3; and n is zero, 1, or 2; provided that if X is —CH.sub.2—, then L is —CH.sub.2— or —C(O)—. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein coupled receptor SlP.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

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Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Described herein are compounds that are farnesoid X receptor agonists, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of conditions, diseases, or disorders associated with farnesoid X receptor activity.

Described herein is an hydrofluorocarboximidate of formula (I) where: R.sub.H is a linear or branched alkyl group comprising 1 or 2 carbon atoms and (a) R.sub.f1 and R.sub.f2 are independent-selected from a linear or branched perfluorinated alkyl group comprising 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally comprising at least one catenated atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or combinations thereof; or (b) R.sub.f1 and R.sub.f2 are connected to form a ring structure comprising a total of 4-8 carbon atoms and in addition to the nitrogen atom from the carboximidate the ring structure may optionally comprises at least one catenated atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or combinations thereof. A method of making the hydrofluorocarboximidate with improved yield is described as well as various uses for the hydrofluorocarboximidate of Formula (I). ##STR00001##

Described herein is an hydrofluorocarboximidate of formula (I) where: R.sub.H is a linear or branched alkyl group comprising 1 or 2 carbon atoms and (a) R.sub.f1 and R.sub.f2 are independent-selected from a linear or branched perfluorinated alkyl group comprising 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally comprising at least one catenated atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or combinations thereof; or (b) R.sub.f1 and R.sub.f2 are connected to form a ring structure comprising a total of 4-8 carbon atoms and in addition to the nitrogen atom from the carboximidate the ring structure may optionally comprises at least one catenated atom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or combinations thereof. A method of making the hydrofluorocarboximidate with improved yield is described as well as various uses for the hydrofluorocarboximidate of Formula (I). ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are inhibitors of plasma kallikrein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the invention, and methods involving use of the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are inhibitors of plasma kallikrein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the invention, and methods involving use of the compounds and compositions of the invention in the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions characterized by unwanted plasma kallikrein activity.

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The present invention is directed to a compound of Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, solvate, or salt thereof, or a salt of such an ester or amide or a solvate of such an ester amide or salt: Formula I Formula II The compounds of Formula I may be covalently bonded to a therapeutic compound or fragment thereof to provide a compound of Formula II and thereby extend the half-life of the therapeutic compound. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosed compounds, as well as their use in the diagnosis or treatment of diseases. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to a compound of Formula I or Formula II or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, amide, solvate, or salt thereof, or a salt of such an ester or amide or a solvate of such an ester amide or salt: Formula I Formula II The compounds of Formula I may be covalently bonded to a therapeutic compound or fragment thereof to provide a compound of Formula II and thereby extend the half-life of the therapeutic compound. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosed compounds, as well as their use in the diagnosis or treatment of diseases. ##STR00001##