Provided is a photoinitiator composition containing an acylcarbazole derivative and a carbazolyl oxime ester. The photoinitiator composition is used in a photocurable composition, especially a photoresist formulation, and exhibits the best sensibilization effect when the molar ratio of the acylcarbazole derivative to the carbazolyl oxime ester photoinitiator is between 0.1 and 1.4.

Provided is a photoinitiator composition containing an acylcarbazole derivative and a carbazolyl oxime ester. The photoinitiator composition is used in a photocurable composition, especially a photoresist formulation, and exhibits the best sensibilization effect when the molar ratio of the acylcarbazole derivative to the carbazolyl oxime ester photoinitiator is between 0.1 and 1.4.

This document provides methods and materials for increasing or maintaining NMNAT2 polypeptide levels within cells. For example, compounds (e.g., organic compounds) having the ability to increase or maintain NMNAT2 polypeptide levels within cells, formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase or maintain NMNAT2 polypeptide levels within cells, methods for making compounds having the ability to increase or maintain NMNAT2 polypeptide levels within cells, methods for making formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase or maintain NMNAT2 polypeptide levels within cells, methods for increasing or maintain NMNAT2 polypeptide levels within cells, and methods for treating mammals (e.g., humans) having a condition responsive to an increase in NMNAT2 polypeptide levels are provided (or for preventing said condition).

The present invention relates to carbazoles of general formula (I), and process for the preparation thereof: wherein ‘R.sub.1’ is H, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, or allyl; R.sub.2 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or NO.sub.2; R.sub.3 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl aryl, heteroaryl, 4-methoxy phenyl, 4-ethyl phenyl, 2-methyl phenyl, or 2-Fluoro phenyl; R.sub.4 is H, benzoyl, —CO.sub.2Et, —CHO, Br, or —OMe; R.sub.5 is OH, OMOM, OMe, CN, or OTf; R.sub.6 is H, or O-alkyl; and R.sub.3-R.sub.4 is —CHNCH2CH2-. This invention also relates to the process for the preparation of carbazomycin A of Formula (1), calothrixin B of Formula (2) and staurosporinone of Formula (3) involving carbazoles of general formula (I) as an intermediate.

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The present invention relates to carbazoles of general formula (I), and process for the preparation thereof: wherein ‘R.sub.1’ is H, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, or allyl; R.sub.2 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or NO.sub.2; R.sub.3 is H, C1-C6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl aryl, heteroaryl, 4-methoxy phenyl, 4-ethyl phenyl, 2-methyl phenyl, or 2-Fluoro phenyl; R.sub.4 is H, benzoyl, —CO.sub.2Et, —CHO, Br, or —OMe; R.sub.5 is OH, OMOM, OMe, CN, or OTf; R.sub.6 is H, or O-alkyl; and R.sub.3-R.sub.4 is —CHNCH2CH2-. This invention also relates to the process for the preparation of carbazomycin A of Formula (1), calothrixin B of Formula (2) and staurosporinone of Formula (3) involving carbazoles of general formula (I) as an intermediate.

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Provided is an organic light emitting device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an organic material layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the organic material layer comprises a hole transport material having a HOMO absolute value of 4.30 eV to 4.60 eV, and a reversibility value (I.sub.r/I.sub.f) of 0.83 or higher within an oxidation range at a scan rate of 100 mV/s, or the organic material layer comprises an electron blocking material having a reversibility value (I.sub.r/I.sub.f) of more than 0.5 within an oxidation range at a scan rate of 100 mV/s, or the organic material layer comprises an electron transport material having a LUMO absolute value of 2.60 eV to 2.90 eV, and a reversibility value (I.sub.r/I.sub.f) larger than [4.96−1.535×(the LUMO absolute value)] within a reduction range at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.

Provided is a method for producing a deuterated aromatic compound and a deuterated reaction composition. The method includes performing a deuterated reaction of an aromatic compound including one or more hydrocarbon aromatic rings using a solution comprising heavy water, an organic compound which can be hydrolyzed by the heavy water, the aromatic compound, and an organic solvent. The method has an advantage in that impurities due to hydrogen gas are not generated, the deuterium substitution rate is high, and the deuterated reaction can be performed under a lower pressure and a lower temperature.

An amine-based compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same are provided. The organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer and at least one of the amine-based compound.

An amine-based compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same are provided. The organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer and at least one of the amine-based compound.

Provided are an organic light-emitting device including a capping layer including an amine-based compound represented by a set or predetermined formula and a radical scavenger, and a light-emitting apparatus including the organic light-emitting device. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer a capping layer on the second electrode, wherein the capping layer includes the amine-based compound.