Provided is an organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while being driven at a low voltage. The organic electroluminescent device includes one or more light-emitting layers between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. At least one of the light-emitting layers contains a host material and a light-emitting dopant, and (i) a first host formed of an indolocarbazole compound having one or two indolocarbazole rings, and (ii) a second host formed of a carbazole compound having a plurality of carbazole rings and having a bond structure represented by the following general formula (3) are used as the host material.

An organic light emitting device including: a substrate; a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a reflective electrode and the other is a semitransparent or transparent electrode, and wherein the organic layer includes a layer having at least one of the compounds having at least one carbazole group, and a flat panel display device including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device has low driving voltage, excellent current density, high brightness, excellent color purity, high efficiency, and long lifetime.

An organic light emitting device including: a substrate; a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a reflective electrode and the other is a semitransparent or transparent electrode, and wherein the organic layer includes a layer having at least one of the compounds having at least one carbazole group, and a flat panel display device including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device has low driving voltage, excellent current density, high brightness, excellent color purity, high efficiency, and long lifetime.

A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, Ar and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are the same as described in the specification.

A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, Ar and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 are the same as described in the specification.

Provided are a nitrogen-containing compound, an organic electroluminescent device and an electronic apparatus. The nitrogen-containing compound has a structure as shown in chemical formula 1; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are the same or different, and each is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C30 heteroaryl; and R.sub.0 is selected from hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C30 heteroaryl. The nitrogen-containing compound acts as a hole transporting material or a host material of a luminescent layer and can effectively improve the performance of organic electroluminescent devices.

##STR00001##

Provided are a nitrogen-containing compound, an organic electroluminescent device and an electronic apparatus. The nitrogen-containing compound has a structure as shown in chemical formula 1; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are the same or different, and each is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C30 heteroaryl; and R.sub.0 is selected from hydrogen, a C1-C6 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C30 heteroaryl. The nitrogen-containing compound acts as a hole transporting material or a host material of a luminescent layer and can effectively improve the performance of organic electroluminescent devices.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides methods of inducing proliferation of and/or differentiating cells comprising contacting cells with compounds within the methods of the invention. The present invention further provides cells obtainable by the methods of the invention.

The present invention provides methods of inducing proliferation of and/or differentiating cells comprising contacting cells with compounds within the methods of the invention. The present invention further provides cells obtainable by the methods of the invention.

The present application relates to an amine compound, which is suitable for use in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs). Furthermore, it relates to electronic devices comprising the compound, in particular OLEDs. Furthermore, it relates to a method for synthesizing the above-mentioned amine compound.