The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II): ##STR00001##
comprising treating a compound of Formula (I): ##STR00002##
with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

The present application relates to methods of preparing 5R-[(benzyloxy) amino] piperidine-2S-carboxylic acid or its derivatives in an environment-friendly way. The method uses L-glutamic acid as a starting material, which is first subjected to esterification reaction in the presence of an acidic reagent, and then reacted successively with 2-haloacetate and N-protecting agent, or with N-protecting agent and 2-haloacetate under a basic condition to obtain compound IV; then, the obtained compound IV is subjected to intramolecular condensation into a ring under the action of a strong base to obtain N-protecting group piperidine-5-one-2S-carboxylate (V).

The present invention discloses a compound shown in formula I or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form, solvate or isotopologue thereof. The compound of the present invention shows excellent inhibition activity against histone deacetylases, has remarkable inhibition effects on cancer cells, and provides a new choice of drugs used for the clinic treatment and diseases related to the abnormal activity of histone deacetylases. ##STR00001##

The present invention discloses a compound shown in formula I or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, crystal form, solvate or isotopologue thereof. The compound of the present invention shows excellent inhibition activity against histone deacetylases, has remarkable inhibition effects on cancer cells, and provides a new choice of drugs used for the clinic treatment and diseases related to the abnormal activity of histone deacetylases. ##STR00001##

The present application relates to methods of preparing 5R-[(benzyloxy) amino] piperidine-2S-carboxylic acid or its derivatives in an environment-friendly way. The method uses L-glutamic acid as a starting material, which is first subjected to esterification reaction in the presence of an acidic reagent, and then reacted successively with 2-haloacetate and N-protecting agent, or with N-protecting agent and 2-haloacetate under a basic condition to obtain compound IV; then, the obtained compound IV is subjected to intramolecular condensation into a ring under the action of a strong base to obtain N-protecting group piperidine-5-one-2S-carboxylate (V).

Provide herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions suitable as modulators of hemoglobin, methods and intermediates for their preparation, and methods for their use in treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.

Provide herein are compounds and pharmaceutical compositions suitable as modulators of hemoglobin, methods and intermediates for their preparation, and methods for their use in treating disorders mediated by hemoglobin and disorders that would benefit from tissue and/or cellular oxygenation.

In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured. The variables shown in Formula AA are as defined in the claims. The compounds of formula AA are NLRP3 activity modulators and, as such, can be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity or gout), a disease of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson's disease), lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD or pulmonary idiopathic fibrosis), liver disease (e.g. NASH syndrome, viral hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatic disease (e.g. acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (e.g. acute kidney injury or chronic kidney injury), intestinal disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis), skin disease (e.g. psoriasis), musculoskeletal disease (e.g. scleroderma), a vessel disorder (e.g. giant cell arteritis), a disorder of the bones (e.g. osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or osteopetrosis disorders), eye disease (e.g. glaucoma or macular degeneration), a disease caused by viral infection (e.g. HIV or AIDS), an autoimmune disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Autoimmune Thyroiditis), cancer or aging.

##STR00001##

In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured. The variables shown in Formula AA are as defined in the claims. The compounds of formula AA are NLRP3 activity modulators and, as such, can be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g. Type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity or gout), a disease of the central nervous system (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Parkinson's disease), lung disease (e.g. asthma, COPD or pulmonary idiopathic fibrosis), liver disease (e.g. NASH syndrome, viral hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatic disease (e.g. acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (e.g. acute kidney injury or chronic kidney injury), intestinal disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis), skin disease (e.g. psoriasis), musculoskeletal disease (e.g. scleroderma), a vessel disorder (e.g. giant cell arteritis), a disorder of the bones (e.g. osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or osteopetrosis disorders), eye disease (e.g. glaucoma or macular degeneration), a disease caused by viral infection (e.g. HIV or AIDS), an autoimmune disease (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Autoimmune Thyroiditis), cancer or aging.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and its analogues (II) and (III): in which R.sub.1-R.sub.14, X, Y, Z.sub.1-Z.sub.4 are in the Summary of the Invention; capable of inhibiting the activity of RBD of SARS-COV-2 in its “closed” conformation before it binds with the human ACE2 receptor. The invention further provides a process for the preparation of compounds of the invention. ##STR00001##