Disclosed is a method for preparing 2,2′-dipyridine and derivatives thereof. The method includes: using pyridine represented by formula I or a derivative thereof as a raw material to generate 2,2′-dipyridine represented by formula II by performing dehydrogenative coupling under the action of a supported catalyst in the presence of additives, where R is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl, Cl, or Br. The method of the present invention features wide adaptability to raw materials, high atomic utilization rate, high catalyst activity, long service life, and fewer by-products.

The present invention provides a palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (2). ##STR00001## R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.18, R.sub.19, R.sub.20, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, R.sub.23 and R.sub.24, m, E and X are described in the specification. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

The present invention provides a palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (2). ##STR00001## R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.18, R.sub.19, R.sub.20, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, R.sub.23 and R.sub.24, m, E and X are described in the specification. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) compositions based on postsynthetic metalation of secondary building unit (SBU) terminal or bridging OH or OH.sub.2 groups with metal precursors or other post-synthetic manipulations are described. The MOFs provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of asymmetric organic transformations, including the regioselective boryiation and siiylation of benzyiic CH bonds, the hydrogenation of aikenes, imines, carbonyls, nitroarenes, and heterocycles, hydroboration, hydrophosphination, and cyclization reactions. The solid catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) compositions based on postsynthetic metalation of secondary building unit (SBU) terminal or bridging OH or OH.sub.2 groups with metal precursors or other post-synthetic manipulations are described. The MOFs provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of asymmetric organic transformations, including the regioselective boryiation and siiylation of benzyiic CH bonds, the hydrogenation of aikenes, imines, carbonyls, nitroarenes, and heterocycles, hydroboration, hydrophosphination, and cyclization reactions. The solid catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

Methods of synthesizing compounds comprising fluorinated aryl groups are disclosed, wherein said methods utilize hydrogen bond directed photocatalytic hydrodefluorination.

The present invention provides a palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (2). ##STR00001##
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.18, R.sub.19, R.sub.20, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, R.sub.23 and R.sub.24, m, E and X are described in the specification. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

The present invention provides a palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (2). ##STR00001##
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.18, R.sub.19, R.sub.20, R.sub.21, R.sub.22, R.sub.23 and R.sub.24, m, E and X are described in the specification. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

Disclosed is a method for preparing 2,2-dipyridine and derivatives thereof. The method includes: using pyridine represented by formula I or a derivative thereof as a raw material to generate 2,2-dipyridine represented by formula II by performing dehydrogenative coupling under the action of a supported catalyst in the presence of additives, where R is H, C.sub.1-C.sub.2 alkyl, Cl, or Br. The method of the present invention features wide adaptability to raw materials, high atomic utilization rate, high catalyst activity, long service life, and fewer by-products.

Surface hydroxyl groups on porous and nonporous metal oxides, such as silica gel and alumina, were metalated with catalyst precursors, such as complexes of earth abundant metals (e.g., Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn and Mg). The metalated metal oxide catalysts provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of organic transformations. The catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.