A composition, consisting essentially of copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand comprising at least one group-V donor. The molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.

The invention discloses a method for the preparation of fluoro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Ni catalyzed fluoro alkylation with fluoro alkyl halides in the presence of a base.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, N-oxides, and salts thereof,

##STR00001## wherein Q, X, Y, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, L, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6a, R.sup.6b, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling an invertebrate pest comprising contacting the invertebrate pest or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or a composition of the disclosure.

The present application provides a heterocyclic compound capable of significantly enhancing lifetime, efficiency, electrochemical stability and thermal stability of an organic light emitting device, and an organic light emitting device containing the heterocyclic compound in an organic material layer.

A process that allows halogenation at the alpha-H position of alkylarenes, optionally further substituted on the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, is described.

A process that allows halogenation at the alpha-H position of alkylarenes, optionally further substituted on the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, is described.

The present invention relates to an organic compound that can enhance the light efficiency of light extracted to the outside of an organic light-emitting element due to having a low refractive index, and thus can be effectively utilized as a material for a light efficiency improving layer provided in the organic light-emitting element. The compound according to the present invention can be employed in the light efficiency improving layer to achieve a high-efficiency, long-lifespan organic light-emitting element having improved light-emitting efficiency, color purity, and lifespan characteristics, as well as low-voltage driving characteristics, and thus can be effectively used in various lighting and display elements.

The present invention relates to an organic compound that can enhance the light efficiency of light extracted to the outside of an organic light-emitting element due to having a low refractive index, and thus can be effectively utilized as a material for a light efficiency improving layer provided in the organic light-emitting element. The compound according to the present invention can be employed in the light efficiency improving layer to achieve a high-efficiency, long-lifespan organic light-emitting element having improved light-emitting efficiency, color purity, and lifespan characteristics, as well as low-voltage driving characteristics, and thus can be effectively used in various lighting and display elements.

A new set of bench-stable fluoroalkylphosphines that directly convert C—H bonds in pyridine building blocks, drug-like fragments, and pharmaceuticals, into fluoroalkyl derivatives. No pre-installed functional groups or directing motifs are required. The reaction tolerates a variety of sterically and electronically distinct pyridines and is exclusively selective for the 4-position in most cases. The reaction proceeds via initial phosphonium salt formation followed by sp.sup.2-sp.sup.3 phosphorus ligand-coupling, an underdeveloped manifold for C—C bond formation.

Disclosed is an organic compound contributing to improving the substantial light efficiency and field of view of an organic electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device contains a first electrode; a second electrode; one or more organic material layers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a capping layer, wherein the organic material layers or capping layer contains an organic compound of chemical formula 1:

##STR00001##