It has been demonstrated that certain compounds bind to TNF and stabilise a conformation of trimeric TNF that binds to the TNF receptor. Accordingly, these compounds can be used as modulators of TNF. A new assay for identifying compounds with this mechanism of action is also disclosed.

Compounds of general formula (1): wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5.sup.a, R* X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Z and Y are as defined herein are positive modulators of the N H calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), TMEM16A. The compounds are useful for treating diseases and conditions affected by modulation of TMEM16A, particularly respiratory diseases and conditions.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility to degrade and (inhibit) Androgen Receptor. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to compounds, which contain on one end a cereblon ligand which binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds Androgen Receptor, such that Androgen Receptor is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of Androgen Receptor. The present disclosure exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with compounds according to the present disclosure, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of Androgen Receptor.

The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility to degrade and (inhibit) Androgen Receptor. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to compounds, which contain on one end a cereblon ligand which binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds Androgen Receptor, such that Androgen Receptor is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of Androgen Receptor. The present disclosure exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with compounds according to the present disclosure, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of Androgen Receptor.

The present invention relates to compounds and methods useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases and other diseases involving elevated levels of cytokines and proinflammatory mediators.

The present invention relates to compounds and methods useful as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases and other diseases involving elevated levels of cytokines and proinflammatory mediators.

A new, stable trimeric TNF structure is disclosed with distorted symmetry which can bind to the TNFR1 receptor to attenuate signalling therefrom, which can be used in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases associated with the soluble TNF/TNFR1 interaction. Membrane-bound TNF is not affected in its ability to signal through TNFR2, and thus the new structure of TNF may be used in therapies which do not significantly raise the risk of infection or malignancy.

A new, stable trimeric TNF structure is disclosed with distorted symmetry which can bind to the TNFR1 receptor to attenuate signalling therefrom, which can be used in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases associated with the soluble TNF/TNFR1 interaction. Membrane-bound TNF is not affected in its ability to signal through TNFR2, and thus the new structure of TNF may be used in therapies which do not significantly raise the risk of infection or malignancy.

The invention relates to new heteroaryl derivatives of the formula wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: N and CH; X is selected from the group consisting of: N and CF; (with the proviso that at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is N), and A is as defined in the description and claims, to their use as medicaments, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to new heteroaryl derivatives of the formula wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: N and CH; X is selected from the group consisting of: N and CF; (with the proviso that at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is N), and A is as defined in the description and claims, to their use as medicaments, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. ##STR00001##